Financial Risk:
Very High
Score:
25.8/100
Asset Disposals
Q24
13/100
How effective are controls over the disposal of assets, and is information on these disposals, and the proceeds of their sale, transparent?
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According to interviewees, there is little disposal of assets, and therefore there is no legal and formal process of asset disposal within the Bahraini…
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There is some evidence of a process in place for asset disposals, [1, 2] however no publicly available information on the subject could be…
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As there is no public information or transparency of asset disposals, this indicator has been marked ‘Not Applicable’ [1, 2].
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Q25
0/100
Is independent and transparent scrutiny of asset disposals conducted by defence establishments, and are the reports of such scrutiny publicly available?
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There is no external or internal oversight body (other than the disposal committees formed by ministerial decree). These committees are formed whenever there is…
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As outlined in 25A, there is an absence of an internal and external body to scrutinize asset disposals. This indicator has therefore been marked…
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As outlined in 25A, there is an absence of an internal and external body to scrutinize asset disposals. This indicator has therefore been marked…
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Secret Budgets
Q26
0/100
What percentage of defence and security expenditure in the budget year is dedicated to spending on secret items relating to national security and the intelligence services?
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The king has the power to approve the massive amount of money for the defence sector. The minister also has some power to purchase…
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Q27
0/100
Is the legislature (or the appropriate legislative committee or members of the legislature) given full information for the budget year on the spending of all secret items relating to national security and military intelligence?
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The Defence and Foreign Affairs Committee at the Shura Council is not given any information about the budgetary year or spending [1, 2]. Indeed,…
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Q28
0/100
Are audit reports of the annual accounts of the security sector (the military and intelligence services) subject to parliamentary debate?
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According to interviewees and based on internet research (Political Risk), the Shura Council is not provided with any reports from the defence sector concerning…
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Given that the Shura Council is not provided with audit reports on secret items or the defence sector in general, this indicator has been…
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Q29
8/100
In law, are off-budget military expenditures permitted, and if so, are they exceptional occurrences that are well-controlled? In practice, are there any off-budget military expenditures? If so, does evidence suggest this involves illicit economic activity?
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Strategic procurement, and purchases, of MoD and the armed forces are mostly off-budget funding [1]. Therefore, there is evidence to conclude that off-budget expenditure…
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Based on the data from the general budgets announced by the government, military expenditure is not recorded in the budgets and therefore, off-budget spending…
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Most of Bahrain’s procurement of military needs is conducted through off-budget expenditures. The only in-budget items are salaries, benefits, and maintenance of vehicles costs.…
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There are no legal frameworks or legislation that allow sharing and publishing of information related to the defence sector. The informal law is that…
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This indicator is not assigned a score in the GDI. As there is no legal framework for the classification of information, the Ministry of…
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According to sources, it is almost impossible to have access to military and security information in Bahrain. Just by asking to have access to…
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Q31
100/100
Do national defence and security institutions have beneficial ownership of commercial businesses? If so, how transparent are details of the operations and finances of such businesses?
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Q32
100/100
Are military-owned businesses subject to transparent independent scrutiny at a recognised international standard?
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There is no evidence of military-owned businesses; even so, there would not be any external or internal scrutiny over business or any military-related business…
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As outlined in 31A and 32A, there are no military-owned businesses in Bahrain and therefore, this indicator has been marked ‘Not Applicable’ [1,2].
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Illegal Private Enterprise
Q33
63/100
Is there evidence of unauthorised private enterprise by military or other defence ministry employees? If so, what is the government’s reaction to such enterprise?
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According to the Personnel Military Law of Bahrain (Articles 45-49), personnel are not allowed to have other jobs or work without official approval from…
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According to sources, many unauthorized businesses are run and managed by high-ranking officers, but they are not registered under their names [1]. According to…
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Actual Military Spending
Q77
0/100
Is comprehensive data on actual spending on defence published during the budget year?
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There is no data on the actual spend that is available for the public or the Parliament. The budget only contains minimal data such…
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Given that there is no information on the actual expenditure of the defence budget, this indicator has been marked ‘Not Applicable’ [1, 2, 3].
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Given that there is no information on the actual expenditure of the defence budget, this indicator has been marked ‘Not Applicable’ [1, 2, 3].
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Given that there is no information on the actual expenditure of the defence budget, this indicator has been marked ‘Not Applicable’ [1, 2, 3].
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