Personnel Risk:
Very High
Score:
30/100
Leadership Behaviour
Q34
17/100
Do the Defence Ministry, Defence Minister, Chiefs of Defence, and Single Service Chiefs publicly commit, through, for example, speeches, media interviews, or political mandates, to anti-corruption and integrity measures?
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There is no knowledge of internal communications about commitment to integrity and anti-corruption measures.
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There is little comment by the defence minister in support of anti-corruption and integrity measures. The former deputy minister of defence, who is now…
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A growing number of unit commanders and leaders seem to be speaking out against corruption, but mainly by highlighting their role in tackling the…
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Q35
63/100
Are there effective measures in place for personnel found to have taken part in forms of bribery and corruption, and is there evidence that these measures are being carried out?
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Bribery and corruption are defined as offences in law that apply to the defence sector. “Public official”, according to Article 3 of the Aggravating…
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One case of a successful prosecution taking place in 2015 was found, so cases are not often prosecuted [1]. There are reports maintaining that…
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Q36
25/100
Is whistleblowing encouraged by the government, and are whistle-blowers in military and defence ministries afforded adequate protection from reprisal for reporting evidence of corruption, in both law and practice?
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According to UNCAC Implementation review, “whistle-blower protection in the public sector is provided for in the Promotion of Administrative Integrity and Combating Corruption Act…
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Whistleblowing is not encouraged by the government. In an address to officials and military commanders in October 2018, the supreme leader said “[s]o in…
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At the moment, reports of corruption are being thrown at officials in all directions; however, those reporting it are provided little adequate protection. Although…
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Q37
0/100
Is special attention paid to the selection, time in post, and oversight of personnel in sensitive positions, including officials and personnel in defence procurement, contracting, financial management, and commercial management?
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There is no publicly available evidence of recognition that certain positions may be more open to corruption opportunities than others. There is very little…
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There is nothing to indicate that special attention is paid to the selection, time in post, of personnel in sensitive positions. No publicly available…
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There is no publicly available evidence indicating special scrutiny of personnel in sensitive positions. There is nothing to indicate any form of oversight in…
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Payroll, Promotions, Appointments, Rewards
Q38
33/100
Is the number of civilian and military personnel accurately known and publicly available?
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The number of civilian personnel is not accurately known. There are estimates with wide variations from think tanks and experts [1]. It does not…
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No sources were found to indicate that information on the number of civilian and military personnel is made publicly available. According to an interviewee,…
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No reports were found to indicate that the military was presented with the problem of ghost soldiers in the last five years. Interviewee 3…
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Q39
13/100
Are pay rates and allowances for civilian and military personnel openly published?
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The actual pay scale for the different pay brackets could not be found. Criteria for eligibility and calculation methods are published in the Law…
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Allowances are not published. Criteria for eligibility, and calculation methods are published in the Law on the Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corp Employment Regulations [1].…
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Q40
50/100
Do personnel receive the correct pay on time, and is the system of payment well-established, routine, and published?
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There is the occasional instance of late payment. Only one report on late payment was found. The defence minister faced questioning in the Parliament…
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For the above mentioned instance in 2017, army personnel were only receiving a salary for 23 days of work instead of for a full…
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The payment and allowances system is published in the Revolutionary Guards Employment Law, and the “National Employment Law and the Law of Equal Payments…
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Q41
17/100
Is there an established, independent, transparent, and objective appointment system for the selection of military personnel at middle and top management level?
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There is an established appointment process in place for military personnel. This is laid down in the Law on the Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps’s…
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The Parliament oversees the appointment of the defence minister, but there is no evidence of any other external auditing [1, 2]
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While appointments are announced, little or no information is released about the process. The Ministry of Defence does not have a website, and no…
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Q42
33/100
Are personnel promoted through an objective, meritocratic process? Such a process would include promotion boards outside of the command chain, strong formal appraisal processes, and independent oversight.
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The promotion process within the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) is laid down in the Law on the Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps’s Employment Regulations…
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Article 116 of the Law on the Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps’s Employment Regulations states personnel shall be awarded according to ability and fitness, and…
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Little publicly available information was found indicating that postings and promotions are published. The following sources were consulted to identify relevent information [1, 2],…
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This indicator is marked Not Applicable, as no publicly available information was found indicating that postings and promotions are published. The following sources were…
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Conscription and Recruitment
Q43
75/100
Where compulsory conscription occurs, is there a policy of not accepting bribes for avoiding conscription? Are there appropriate procedures in place to deal with such bribery, and are they applied?
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Conscription which can last up to 24 months, is compulsory for Iranian males aged between 18 and 40, although conscripts can start from the…
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Article 79 of the Armed Forces Penal Code [1] refers to exemptions to conscription. If an exemption certificate is not obtained, sanctions are applied.…
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This indicator is marked as Not Applicable, as no evidence was found of bribery occurring, as those who can afford it, seem to opt…
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Q44
13/100
is there a policy of refusing bribes to gain preferred postings? Are there appropriate procedures in place to deal with such bribery, and are they applied?
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Bribery is condemned in the Armed Forces Penal Code [1]. Article 118 refers to bribery in relation to preventing a soldier from doing his…
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As there does not seem to be a policy or rule against soliciting preferred postings through bribery, there are no sanctions for this activity.…
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This indicator is marked Not Applicable, as no sanctions for soliciting preferred postings through bribery exist in law [1].
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Salary Chain
In theory, chains of command are separated from chains of payment. It is outlined in detail in Article 15 and article 16 of the…
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Values and Standards
Q46
0/100
Is there a Code of Conduct for all military personnel that includes, but is not limited to, guidance with respect to bribery, gifts and hospitality, conflicts of interest, and post-separation activities? Is there evidence that breaches of the Code of Conduct are effectively addressed?
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Iran is not believed to have a code of conduct for all military personnel [1, 2]. Standards of behaviour for military commanders are sometimes…
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This indicator is marked Not Applicable, as Iran is not believed to have a code of conduct for all military personnel [1].
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This indicator is marked Not Applicable, as Iran is not believed to have a code of conduct for all military personnel [1].
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This indicator is marked Not Applicable, as Iran is not believed to have a code of conduct for all military personnel [1].
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Q47
0/100
Is there a Code of Conduct for all civilian personnel that includes, but is not limited to, guidance with respect to bribery, gifts and hospitality, conflicts of interest, and post-separation activities? Is there evidence that breaches of the Code of Conduct are effectively addressed?
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There is no code of conduct for civilian personnel working in the defence sector. There is a civil code, and the contents are known,…
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This indicator has been marked Not Applicable, as there is no code of conduct for civilian personnel wrorking in the defence sector. There is…
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This indicator has been marked Not Applicable, as there is no code of conduct for civilian personnel wrorking in the defence sector. There is…
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This indicator has been marked Not Applicable, as there is no code of conduct for civilian personnel wrorking in the defence sector. There is…
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Q48
0/100
Does regular anti-corruption training take place for military and civilian personnel?
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No evidence of anti-corruption training was found. The following sources were consulted [1, 2, 3, 4].
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This indicator is marked Not Applicable, as no evidence of anti-corruption training was found [1,2 ,3, 4].
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This indicator is marked Not Applicable, as no evidence of anti-corruption training was found [1,2 ,3, 4].
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Q49
25/100
Is there a policy to make public outcomes of the prosecution of defence services personnel for corrupt activities, and is there evidence of effective prosecutions in recent years?
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There is not a policy of defence institutions to make outcomes of prosecutions publicly available. Article 633 of the Law on the Code of…
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The results of one prosecution were found publicly available through the media. There is little to no access to information on the charges or…
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There is evidence to indicate that prosecutions of armed forces personnel, and potentially extending beyond the police force [1] are now beginning to affect…
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Q50
42/100
Are there effective measures in place to discourage facilitation payments (which are illegal in almost all countries)?
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The law is sufficiently clear on facilitation payments. They are strictly illegal. Its provided for in Article 118 of the Armed Forces Penal Code,…
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Cases are beginning to be investigated in Iran, and there have been a number of prosecutions [1]. However, prosecutions involving defence officials are still…
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The occurrence of facilitation payments is believed to be widespread. One former police chief, General Ismail Ahmadi Moghadam startlingly announced that “money can buy…
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