Personnel Risk:
Moderate
Score:
59/100
Leadership Behaviour
Q34
83/100
Do the Defence Ministry, Defence Minister, Chiefs of Defence, and Single Service Chiefs publicly commit, through, for example, speeches, media interviews, or political mandates, to anti-corruption and integrity measures?
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There is an internal willingness to carry out processes, as demonstrated by internal strategic communications such as the Defence Department’s official newsletter; in it,…
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Commitment to anti-corruption is publicly demonstrated via speeches in oath-taking events and conferences as well as via interviews with the media. The Defence Secretary,…
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There is a visible commitment on conduct and accountability reflected in statements, for example in change of command ceremonies, but not to the extent…
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Q35
75/100
Are there effective measures in place for personnel found to have taken part in forms of bribery and corruption, and is there evidence that these measures are being carried out?
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In addition to the 1987 Philippine Constitution [1], several laws have clearly defined offences committed by public officials including requesting or receiving gifts, soliciting…
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The independence of the Ombudsman has been questioned many times because of how his previous decisions have appeared to align with the wishes of…
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Q36
8/100
Is whistleblowing encouraged by the government, and are whistle-blowers in military and defence ministries afforded adequate protection from reprisal for reporting evidence of corruption, in both law and practice?
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The Philippines does not have national legislation to protect whistleblowers. Both the Senate [1] and the House of Representatives [2] have proposed bills on…
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The executive encourages individuals to report any irregularities committed by government officials and they are offered protection under the Witness Protection Programme of the…
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Wthout the benefit of a solid whistleblowing statute, there is little trust among officials and personnel that adequate protection would be provided in the…
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Q37
0/100
Is special attention paid to the selection, time in post, and oversight of personnel in sensitive positions, including officials and personnel in defence procurement, contracting, financial management, and commercial management?
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There is no recognition that certain positions may be more open to corruption opportunities than others. On several occasions, the President has admitted his…
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The executive can appoint individuals to sensitive positions and Duterte has a penchant for appointing members of the military and police to key civilian…
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This indicator is not applicable as there is no recognition that certain positions may be more open to corruption than other. There is no…
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Payroll, Promotions, Appointments, Rewards
Q38
42/100
Is the number of civilian and military personnel accurately known and publicly available?
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The summary of the number of civilian and military personnel is updated annually on the Department of Budget and Management’s (DBM) website [1]. The…
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Summarised information on the number of civilian and military personnel is available publicly on the DBM website [1]. This information is not availabe on…
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In its 2015 Audit Report, the COA reported that the Philipppine Army paid the salaries and wages of 297 personnel who were not included…
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Q39
50/100
Are pay rates and allowances for civilian and military personnel openly published?
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Q40
83/100
Do personnel receive the correct pay on time, and is the system of payment well-established, routine, and published?
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Personnel receive their pay on time. This meant that the salaries of military personnel, who all agreed to donate part of their April 2020…
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In January 2018, President Duterte signed Joint Resolution No.1 authorising a pay increase for the military, police and other uniformed personnel in the government…
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Joint Resolution No. 1 repeals the provision of Executive Order No. 201 signed by former President Benigno Aquino III, which grants military and other…
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Q41
25/100
Is there an established, independent, transparent, and objective appointment system for the selection of military personnel at middle and top management level?
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There is a system and set of criteria in place for promotion to middle- or top-level management in the Defence Department: seniority, professionalism, education,…
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Requirements have been established as part of scrutiny but appointments are superficially audited. Nomination may have been based on professional judgement by peers, but…
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Hearings are public but there are no official reports coming from the CA about the proceedings. Little information is released about the appointment process.…
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Q42
50/100
Are personnel promoted through an objective, meritocratic process? Such a process would include promotion boards outside of the command chain, strong formal appraisal processes, and independent oversight.
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There is a formal process when conducing personnel promotions based on objective criteria such as competency and reputation in the service and schooling and…
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Section 11 of Republic Act 291 stipulates that any commissioned officer of the Regular Force may be appointed and promoted to a temporary grade,…
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Appointments and promotions of AFP officers above the rank of Colonel or Navy Captain as well as civil service counterparts are published but they…
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The Commission on Appointments publishes in its website postings and promotions annually, but only those of the armed forces officers from the rank of…
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Conscription and Recruitment
Q43
NA/100
Where compulsory conscription occurs, is there a policy of not accepting bribes for avoiding conscription? Are there appropriate procedures in place to deal with such bribery, and are they applied?
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This indicator is marked ‘Not Applicable’, since The Philippines does not have a conscription policy. Instead, it has a measure (Senate Bill 2232) that…
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The Philippines does not have a conscription policy, but a measure (Senate Bill 2232) that would mandate military training to Grade 11 and 12…
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The Philippines does not have a conscription policy, but a measure (Senate Bill 2232) that would mandate military training to Grade 11 and 12…
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Q44
67/100
is there a policy of refusing bribes to gain preferred postings? Are there appropriate procedures in place to deal with such bribery, and are they applied?
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Bribery of public officials is penalised under Articles 210-212 of the Revised Penal Code [1]. In addition, other laws that penalise bribery to gain…
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Penalties for violations differ for each law. The Revised Penal Code stipulates imprisonment for two to 12 years, a fine of not less than…
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Patronage politics, which is widely practiced in government offices including the military, prevents adequate enforcement of sanctions or even the conduct of investigations [1].The…
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Salary Chain
There is a strict separaton of chains of command and chains of payment, with electronic payment systems in place and offices on financial management…
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Values and Standards
Q46
69/100
Is there a Code of Conduct for all military personnel that includes, but is not limited to, guidance with respect to bribery, gifts and hospitality, conflicts of interest, and post-separation activities? Is there evidence that breaches of the Code of Conduct are effectively addressed?
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The Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) has a Code of Ethics which establishes behaviour benchmarks for members of the armed service. The AFP’s…
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Both the Code of Conduct (RA 6713) and its Implementing Rules are publicly available and published on most government websites [1, 2]. According to…
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Recent years have seen several violations of the code of conduct in the defence sector. Based on investigations by either civil or military court,…
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In order to be promoted to a higher rank, military personnel are required to undertake basic then advanced military training as well as education…
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Q47
75/100
Is there a Code of Conduct for all civilian personnel that includes, but is not limited to, guidance with respect to bribery, gifts and hospitality, conflicts of interest, and post-separation activities? Is there evidence that breaches of the Code of Conduct are effectively addressed?
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There is a Code of Conduct (RA 6713) for all civilian personnel that addresses corruption issues [1]. However, in recent years, the definition of…
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Both the Code of Conduct (RA 6713) and its Implementing Rules are publicly available and published on most government websites [1, 2]. According to…
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There have been many breaches of the code of conduct by civilian personnel: between 2015 and May 2020 there were 1,381 cases of malversation…
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In its implementing rules and guidelines, the Civil Service Commission requires every department to ensure that guidance on the code of conduct is available…
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Q48
100/100
Does regular anti-corruption training take place for military and civilian personnel?
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There has been evidence of anti-corruption training given to military and civilian personnel by the Civil Service Commission and the Commission on Human Rights,…
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In most cases, anti-corruption is incorporated within human rights training, which is routinely provided at least once a year to military personel from the…
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As indicated in 48B, anti-corruption training is provided to military personel from the general headquarters level down to battalion units [1], including to the…
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Q49
58/100
Is there a policy to make public outcomes of the prosecution of defence services personnel for corrupt activities, and is there evidence of effective prosecutions in recent years?
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Rule XIV of the 2018 Revised Internal Rules of the SB stipulates the publication of prosecution outcomes on its website as well as in…
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Both charges and results of the prosecution filed by the SB are publicly available [1] but those for cases tried under the military justice…
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Corruption cases are investigated by the Office of the Ombudsman but, as the Ombudsman and his/her Deputies are appointed by the President, there has…
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Q50
63/100
Are there effective measures in place to discourage facilitation payments (which are illegal in almost all countries)?
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Facilitation payments are strictly prohibited by law and internal regulations. Republic Act 9485 (Anti-Red Tape Act of 2007) specifically prohibits a public officer from…
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Court hearings in the Philippines are notorious for delays, meaning that a trial can stretch to between seven and 20 years on average. It…
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There is not enough information to establish the prevalence of facilitation payments. Research indicates that there is extensive patronage in the defence and security…
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