Personnel Risk:
Low
Score:
70/100
Leadership Behaviour
Q34
25/100
Do the Defence Ministry, Defence Minister, Chiefs of Defence, and Single Service Chiefs publicly commit, through, for example, speeches, media interviews, or political mandates, to anti-corruption and integrity measures?
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No evidence could be found that the defence minister or the ministry as an institution have shown explicit commitment to anti-corruption in their internal…
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The government office has recently published a general statement on how it intends to ‘strengthen anti-corruption work’ by developing a national ‘action plan’ [1].…
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No clear statements of commitment by senior ministry of defence staff could be identified from the studied time period [1]. The armed forces have…
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Q35
88/100
Are there effective measures in place for personnel found to have taken part in forms of bribery and corruption, and is there evidence that these measures are being carried out?
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Staff of the Swedish Armed Forces who are suspected of serious misconduct may be reported to the Armed Forces Personnel Administration (FPAN) [1]. This…
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The State Disciplinary Board (SA) handles instances of bribery or corruption involving civil servants in senior positions such as directors, judges, prosecutors, and professors,…
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Q36
58/100
Is whistleblowing encouraged by the government, and are whistle-blowers in military and defence ministries afforded adequate protection from reprisal for reporting evidence of corruption, in both law and practice?
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In 2016, a whistleblowing law was drafted for protecting employees (regardess of employment form) from reprisals and retaliations if they report serious misconduct [1]…
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Beyond the the 2017 whistleblowing law, this practice is weakly encouraged in the defence sector. As noted in the 2015 iteration of the GDI…
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Although formally covered by both the new Swedish law and EU regulation [1] [2], Swedish civil servants are afraid of reprisals and wary of…
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Q37
0/100
Is special attention paid to the selection, time in post, and oversight of personnel in sensitive positions, including officials and personnel in defence procurement, contracting, financial management, and commercial management?
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In the selection of employees for sensitive positions in the areas of defence procurement, recruitment, contracting, financial and commercial management, there seems to be…
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As outlined in 37A, there is no recognition that certain positions may be more open to corruption opportunities than others. Therefore, this indicator is…
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As outlined in 37A, there is no recognition that certain positions may be more open to corruption opportunities than others. Therefore, this indicator is…
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Payroll, Promotions, Appointments, Rewards
Q38
83/100
Is the number of civilian and military personnel accurately known and publicly available?
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The number of civilian and military personnel is published annually in the Swedish Armed Forces (SAF) annual reports, in Annex 1 covering personnel statistics…
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The numbers on civilian and military personnel that are made available in the SAF annual reports [1] [2] [3] [4] are disaggregated by rank…
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No evidence can be found that the SAF has been presented with the problem of ghost soldiers in the last five years. However, the…
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Q39
38/100
Are pay rates and allowances for civilian and military personnel openly published?
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Pay rates are published only for selected high-level civilian and military personnel in the Swedish Armed Forces (SAF) annual reports [1] [2] [3] [4].…
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Allowances for high-ranking civil and military officers are published in the SAF annual reports [1] [2] [3] [4], but do not include criteria for…
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Q40
83/100
Do personnel receive the correct pay on time, and is the system of payment well-established, routine, and published?
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Overall, the payment system appears routine and Swedish National Audit Office (NAO) has noted no instances of late payment during the studied time period…
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There have been occasional instances of incorrect payment. NAO has observed a ‘number of cases where salary has been paid to persons who were…
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Little detailed information is made publicly available online. In the SAF annual reports [1], pay rates are published only for selected high-level civilian and…
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Q41
58/100
Is there an established, independent, transparent, and objective appointment system for the selection of military personnel at middle and top management level?
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The Armed Forces in Sweden (SAF) enforce an independent and standardised appointment system for the selection of military personnel, as covered by the Law…
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The government handpicks candidates or all high-level civil and military positions in the SAF. As with all government agencies, the SAF’s decision to hire…
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Information on the government’s appointment processes are incomplete and only partially available to the public. An appointment of SAF Supreme Commanders, for instance, is…
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Q42
81/100
Are personnel promoted through an objective, meritocratic process? Such a process would include promotion boards outside of the command chain, strong formal appraisal processes, and independent oversight.
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Promotions are regulated by a specific statute on promotions and elections which outlines formal appraisal processes [1]. Moreover, personnel cannot be promoted without passing…
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All forms of internal progressions and promotions are formally regulated by the SAF’s statute on promotions and elections [1]. Chapter 9 of the statute…
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Information on military and civil personnel in the defence sector – including name, rank, posting, employment date – is included under the Public Access Law…
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Details of postings and promotions are published regularly within the system and in advance of their effective date, so that they can be appealed…
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Conscription and Recruitment
Q43
83/100
Where compulsory conscription occurs, is there a policy of not accepting bribes for avoiding conscription? Are there appropriate procedures in place to deal with such bribery, and are they applied?
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Conscription was reintroduced in 2017, and the Swedish Defence Recruitment Agency is now responsible for enrolling citizens into national military education. The agency is…
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The Swedish Defence Recruitment Agency’s provisions [1] and statute [2] do not acknowledge the risk of bribes for avoiding conscription, and thus do not…
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The Swedish Defence Recruitment Agency’s provisions [1] and statute [2] do not acknowledge the risk of bribes for avoiding conscription, and thus do not…
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Q44
83/100
is there a policy of refusing bribes to gain preferred postings? Are there appropriate procedures in place to deal with such bribery, and are they applied?
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As noted in Q42, there is a strict recruitment procedure within Swedish Armed Forces (SAF) which makes it difficult to gain preferred postings [1]…
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Instances of bribery are handled by the State Disciplinary Board (SA) and Chancellor of Justice (JK) [1] [2] (see Q35), and in cases where…
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Appropriate sanctions or punishments in line with the Swedish Penal Code [1] are regularly applied when bribery occurs.
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Salary Chain
The management of salaries within the ministry and armed forces are strictly separated from the chain of command. Trade unions like Officersförbundet also collaborate…
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Values and Standards
Q46
88/100
Is there a Code of Conduct for all military personnel that includes, but is not limited to, guidance with respect to bribery, gifts and hospitality, conflicts of interest, and post-separation activities? Is there evidence that breaches of the Code of Conduct are effectively addressed?
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The Swedish Armed Forces (SAF) has a webpage entitled ‘Our code of conduct’ [1] which states that the SAF disassociate themselves from ‘all forms…
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The code of conduct is made available to the public on the SAF website [1]. Along with other internal anti-corruption and anti-bribery policies, it…
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Staff of the SAF who are suspected of having broken the code of conduct must be reported to their nearest commanding officer, and to…
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Guidance on the code of conduct as well as related internal policies for anti-corruption and anti-bribery is included in induction training for all military…
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Q47
81/100
Is there a Code of Conduct for all civilian personnel that includes, but is not limited to, guidance with respect to bribery, gifts and hospitality, conflicts of interest, and post-separation activities? Is there evidence that breaches of the Code of Conduct are effectively addressed?
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The Swedish Defence Materiel Administration Agency (FMV) has published a brief code of conduct in the form of a statement on ‘ethics and social…
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The FMV code of conduct is effectively distributed to all civilian personnel during their training, but a full-length version of the ‘internal regulations’ where…
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The State Disciplinary Board (SA) handles instances of bribery or corruption involving civil servants in senior positions such as directors, judges, prosecutors, and professors,…
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Guidance on the code of conduct as well as related internal policies for anti-corruption and anti-bribery is included in induction training for all civilian…
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Q48
83/100
Does regular anti-corruption training take place for military and civilian personnel?
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Anti-corruption training in the Armed Forces (SAF) involves both civil and military staff, and addresses the connection between corruption and SAF values and standards,…
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Anti-corruption training is delivered once at induction, and then again during promotions and upon entry into high risk positions and environments, along with security…
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Anti-corruption training is delivered to all staff, at each rank bracket of the military and the equivalent for civilian personnel [1].
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Q49
67/100
Is there a policy to make public outcomes of the prosecution of defence services personnel for corrupt activities, and is there evidence of effective prosecutions in recent years?
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There is no formal policy to publish or to make publicly available the outcomes of the prosecution processes involving defence institutions. However, documentation related…
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The results of prosecutions are made publicly available, but usually there is little to no information included concerning the details of the hearings. However,…
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Cases are investigated or prosecuted through formal processes, and no evidence of undue political influence could be found from the studied time period [1]…
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Q50
92/100
Are there effective measures in place to discourage facilitation payments (which are illegal in almost all countries)?
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Facilitation payments are criminalised accoring to Swedish law, more specifically the Public Employment Act [1] [2].
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Cases are investigated and prosecuted through formal processes in line with to the Swedish Penal Code [1]. However, it should be noted that OECD…
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No indications or evidence could be found that facilitation payments have been made in the defence and security sector during the studied time period…
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