Personnel Risk:
Moderate
Score:
63/100
Leadership Behaviour
Q34
50/100
Do the Defence Ministry, Defence Minister, Chiefs of Defence, and Single Service Chiefs publicly commit, through, for example, speeches, media interviews, or political mandates, to anti-corruption and integrity measures?
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According to our sources, there is a clear anti-corruption commitment from the senior levels of the MoD and the commanders. This is shown through…
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According to our sources, the anti-corruption commitment within the MoD is communicated mainly internally and not to the public. The focus is to work…
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According to our sources, there is commitment yet in a very minimal form by senior figures from the MoD. This is because it is…
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Q35
88/100
Are there effective measures in place for personnel found to have taken part in forms of bribery and corruption, and is there evidence that these measures are being carried out?
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There are a range of clearly defined offences in the Penal Code that directly apply to the defence sector. These offences cover offering and…
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According to our sources, there are very strict procedures and commitments to investigating corruption cases, but there is sometimes political influence in attempts to…
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Q36
50/100
Is whistleblowing encouraged by the government, and are whistle-blowers in military and defence ministries afforded adequate protection from reprisal for reporting evidence of corruption, in both law and practice?
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Legislation on whistleblowing and reporting corruption exists and applies to military and official personnel. The organic law n°10-2017, dated 7 march 2017, related to…
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According to our sources, there are huge efforts by many institutions to encourage whistleblowers, central units, and NGOs, but there is little training and…
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The 2017’s INLUCC report shows that the Anti-corruption Authority received 22 denunciations of corruption related to the Ministry of Defence (1). This shows that…
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Q37
0/100
Is special attention paid to the selection, time in post, and oversight of personnel in sensitive positions, including officials and personnel in defence procurement, contracting, financial management, and commercial management?
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According to our sources, there is no formal recognition that some positions are more open than others, but it is known informally that some…
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This indicator is marked Not Applicable because public recruitment is not the norm for sensitive and senior positions. Therefore the selection of personnel is…
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This indicator is marked Not Applicable because there is no recognition that certain positions may be more open to corruption than others. According to…
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Payroll, Promotions, Appointments, Rewards
Q38
42/100
Is the number of civilian and military personnel accurately known and publicly available?
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According to our sources, there is not an accurate figure on the number of the civilian and military employees. Sometimes unofficial reports (from the…
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According to our sources, there is a formal announcement of abstract figures on the number of specific items such as new recruits and promotions,…
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According to our sources, there are no ghost soldiers in the Tunisian army and there have not been any investigations or rumours surrounding this…
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Q39
100/100
Are pay rates and allowances for civilian and military personnel openly published?
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Pay rates for all civilian and military personnel are taken under the form of Governmental Decrees and published in the Official Gazette of the…
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Allowances for all civilian and military personnel are openly published, including criteria for eligibility and calculation methods. For example, Governmental Decree n°767-2018, dated 13…
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Q40
75/100
Do personnel receive the correct pay on time, and is the system of payment well-established, routine, and published?
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According to our sources, salaries of MoD employees are paid on time without delays (1,2). There is no evidence through the media of stories…
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According to our sources, the salaries are paid on time and accurately with great precision. Mistakes may happen but are fixed within days (1,2).…
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According to our sources, the payment systems are available online for the public. However, not all data and categories are detailed on the list…
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Q41
25/100
Is there an established, independent, transparent, and objective appointment system for the selection of military personnel at middle and top management level?
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There is an established system for the appointment of military personnel. Decree n° 72-380, dated 6 December 1972, on particular status of military and…
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According to our sources, there is no external scrutiny over medium and senior personnel appointment within MoD (1,2). No evidence of external scrutiny of…
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According to our sources, there is a shortage of complete information available to the public on the appointments of medium and senior positions within…
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Q42
69/100
Are personnel promoted through an objective, meritocratic process? Such a process would include promotion boards outside of the command chain, strong formal appraisal processes, and independent oversight.
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According to our sources, the process is semi-formalised, where a committee of senior officers propose and suggest promotions to the MoD. These committees are…
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For acts of war or acts of heroism carried out during defence or homeland security operations, appointments and promotions to the next highest rank…
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Promotions of officers and commissioned officers are published in the Official Gazette of the Republic of Tunisia (article 40 law n° 67-20, dated 31…
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According to our sources, major postings and promotions of senior positions are published regularly ( annually or less). (1)
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Conscription and Recruitment
Q43
83/100
Where compulsory conscription occurs, is there a policy of not accepting bribes for avoiding conscription? Are there appropriate procedures in place to deal with such bribery, and are they applied?
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Article 2 and Article 8 of Law n° 2004-1, dated 14 January 2004, on national service, decree that any citizen aged between 20 and…
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According to our sources, there is a strict penal code for any person who accepts bribes or avoids conscription by paying financial benefits to…
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Evidence shows that cases of bribery in conscription are prosecuted. The National Anti-corruption Authority (INLUCC) report for the year 2017 shows that 2 cases…
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Q44
100/100
is there a policy of refusing bribes to gain preferred postings? Are there appropriate procedures in place to deal with such bribery, and are they applied?
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Article 2 and Article 8 of Law n° 2004-1, dated 14 January 2004, on national service, decree that any citizen aged between 20 and…
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Possible sanctions include severe prison sentences (up to 10 years imprisonment) and considerable financial sanctions (une amende double de la valeur des cadeaux reçus…
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According to our sources, there is strong evidence that bribery is investigated in a serious manner and the prosecution of it is taken very…
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Salary Chain
According to our sources, there is a strong separation between the financial and administrative command and the operation commands within the MoD, however, they…
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Values and Standards
Q46
50/100
Is there a Code of Conduct for all military personnel that includes, but is not limited to, guidance with respect to bribery, gifts and hospitality, conflicts of interest, and post-separation activities? Is there evidence that breaches of the Code of Conduct are effectively addressed?
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According to our sources, there is a Code of Conduct for the military which is derived from the general Code of Conduct of the…
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The Code of Conduct for the military is available in all units and readily available for all within their training period. The availability of…
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According to our sources, breaches of the Code of Conduct are occasionally investigated, but investigation is superficial and usually does not lead to sanctions…
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According to our sources, periodic ad hoc guidance may be provided to military personnel by commanding officers(1).
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Q47
44/100
Is there a Code of Conduct for all civilian personnel that includes, but is not limited to, guidance with respect to bribery, gifts and hospitality, conflicts of interest, and post-separation activities? Is there evidence that breaches of the Code of Conduct are effectively addressed?
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The Code of Conduct for Public Officials was approved by the decree dated 3 October 2014, which is a code setting the behavior of…
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According to our sources, the Code of Conduct is usually readily available for all employees within their offices and can be accessed online. In…
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According to our sources, breaches of the Code of Conduct are usually investigated but superficially, unless the violations are serious and attract the attention…
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According to our sources, periodic ad hoc guidance may be provided to military personnel by commanding officers. (1)
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Q48
50/100
Does regular anti-corruption training take place for military and civilian personnel?
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According to our sources, there have been many courses organised by International NGOs, local NGOs, and INLUCC for the MoD personnel and army officers…
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According to our sources, there are efforts to do more training, but there is very sporadic intensive training that does not meet the needs…
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The trainings that were held targeted trainees, officers and public officials of the High Academy of War (Ecole Supérieure de la Guerre) (1) (2)…
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Q49
67/100
Is there a policy to make public outcomes of the prosecution of defence services personnel for corrupt activities, and is there evidence of effective prosecutions in recent years?
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Article 108 of the constitution provides that all prosecutions should be publicly available (1). The code of military justice in article 40 grants this…
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According to our sources, the outcomes of prosecutions are usually made public, but they often lack detail and hearings and charges are not published,…
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According to our sources, some cases have been investigated and prosecuted, but not all of the cases are prosecuted, and many are superficially investigated…
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Q50
83/100
Are there effective measures in place to discourage facilitation payments (which are illegal in almost all countries)?
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Facilitation payments are punished according to Articles 82 to 94 of the Penal Code, penalising the corrupter, the corrupted and the intermediary between the…
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According to our sources, there are political attempts to derail efforts on corruption cases related to facilitation payments. These efforts are sometimes faced strongly…
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According to our sources, there are very rare facilitation payments that may happen in the MoD, but they are not prevalent. These cases may…
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