Financial Risk:
High
Score:
38/100
Asset Disposals
Q24
33/100
How effective are controls over the disposal of assets, and is information on these disposals, and the proceeds of their sale, transparent?
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Given the legacy of communism, when all means of production and immovable properties were state-owned, the process of ownership on immovable properties has been…
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The MoD publishes some information on the planned disposal of the immovable properties that are removed from the MoD administration [1] and on material…
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The incomes generated from the disposal of movable military assets are reflected in the budget statements produced by the MoD for the Ministry of…
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Q25
33/100
Is independent and transparent scrutiny of asset disposals conducted by defence establishments, and are the reports of such scrutiny publicly available?
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The disposal of assets is subject to scrutiny by the State Supreme Audi Institution (SSAI). Regarding the disposal of the immovable assets such as…
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Regarding the military, there is no evidence of undue direct or indirect influence on the Internal Audit (IA) body about asset disposals [1]. On…
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Generally the SSAI publishes the auditing reports on its webside once the reposts are ready for publication (5). However, the audits are not conducted…
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Secret Budgets
Q26
25/100
What percentage of defence and security expenditure in the budget year is dedicated to spending on secret items relating to national security and the intelligence services?
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The overall budgets of the Ministry of Defence (MoD) and the State Intelligence Service (SHISH) are published in the Law on Budget, which is…
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Q27
25/100
Is the legislature (or the appropriate legislative committee or members of the legislature) given full information for the budget year on the spending of all secret items relating to national security and military intelligence?
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The Ministry of Defence (MoD) and the State Intelligence Service (SHISH) inform the Committee on National Security (CNS) on the spending of the secret…
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Q28
13/100
Are audit reports of the annual accounts of the security sector (the military and intelligence services) subject to parliamentary debate?
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The State Supreme Audit Institution (SSAI) reports to the parliament annually on the implementation of the budget but also whenever required by the parliament…
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Generally, the Albanian Parliament does not play an active role concerning the auditing of spending by defence and security institutions [1, 2]. Despite the…
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Q29
58/100
In law, are off-budget military expenditures permitted, and if so, are they exceptional occurrences that are well-controlled? In practice, are there any off-budget military expenditures? If so, does evidence suggest this involves illicit economic activity?
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By definition, off-budget military expenditures are those expenditures that are not formally authorized within the official defence budget. In the expenditures monitoring report of…
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The spending of the incomes generated by the MoD is monitored by the Ministry of Finance and Economy (MoF) and audited by the State…
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The armed forces have been involved in disaster relief activities which are not planned for in the MoD budget such as floods, fires or…
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Q30
50/100
Are mechanisms for accessing information from the defence sector effective?
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The Law on the Right to Information, which applies also to the defence and security institutions, provides for the right of all persons to…
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This indicator is not assigned a score in the GDI. The Law on the Right to Information provides also for access to classified information…
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Following the Law on Public Information, the MoD and the armed forces (army, navy, air force, support command, and doctrine command) have established the…
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Q31
50/100
Do national defence and security institutions have beneficial ownership of commercial businesses? If so, how transparent are details of the operations and finances of such businesses?
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The MoD and the military own several business activities including, military industry, shipbuilding and repairing, import-export of military materiel, recreational services, and cultural, media…
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The activities of MoD owned businesses are subject to regulation and control by the MoD itself. The Directorate of Internal Audit and the Office…
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Military-owned Businesses
Q32
50/100
Are military-owned businesses subject to transparent independent scrutiny at a recognised international standard?
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The companies are subject to audits conducted by the Ministry of Defence’s (MoD) auditing department [1] and the external audit conducted by the Supreme…
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Despite some improvements, such as the publication of military business activities, the MoD does not publish any financial information and data on the activities…
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Illegal Private Enterprise
Q33
25/100
Is there evidence of unauthorised private enterprise by military or other defence ministry employees? If so, what is the government’s reaction to such enterprise?
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Private enterprise by military and civilian personnel is not banned. The legislation does ban personnel from pursuing these activities during working hours. The Law…
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This indicator has been marked Not Applicable. As there is no ban on private enterprise, no data is collected on the level of involvement…
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Actual Military Spending
Q77
56/100
Is comprehensive data on actual spending on defence published during the budget year?
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There are annual monitoring reports published at the Ministry of Finance and Economy (MoF) that outline actual spending and compare them with the budget.…
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The majority of actual defence spending is disclosed (“Planning, management and administration,” “Official publications,” “Legal medicine,” “The prison system,” “Judicial enforcement service,” “Services for…
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Reports on actual spending are published every six months in a timely manner. For instance, the end of year report for 2018 was published…
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At the Ministry of Finance and Economy, for 2018 there was a monitoring report on the Ministry of Defence which compared the planned budget…
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