Personnel Risk:
Moderate
Score:
60/100
Leadership Behaviour
Q34
50/100
Do the Defence Ministry, Defence Minister, Chiefs of Defence, and Single Service Chiefs publicly commit, through, for example, speeches, media interviews, or political mandates, to anti-corruption and integrity measures?
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Anti-corruption has been set as one of the main priorities for Albania’s European Union (EU) integration process. As a result, there is a broad…
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Corruption appeared as a big issue during the first two years after the current government came to power (2013-2015). The review of MoD publications…
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There is little communication on anti-corruption within the MoD and the armed forces. The review of the MoD bi-monthly magazine, “Revista Mbrojtja” and the…
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Q35
75/100
Are there effective measures in place for personnel found to have taken part in forms of bribery and corruption, and is there evidence that these measures are being carried out?
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The Albanian Criminal Code provides for a wide range of punishable corruption acts such as active and passive corruption, abuse of office, favouritism, failure…
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No data is provided or reports given on the number of investigations and prosecutions involving defence and security personnel by the MoD. The data…
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Q36
42/100
Is whistleblowing encouraged by the government, and are whistle-blowers in military and defence ministries afforded adequate protection from reprisal for reporting evidence of corruption, in both law and practice?
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Albania adopted the Law on Whistleblowing and protection of Whistleblowers in June 2016 [1]. The law provides channels for reporting wrongdoings; procedures for the…
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Guidelines and regulations have been adopted by the High Inspectorate of Declaration and Audit of Assets and Conflicts of Interest (HIDAACI) [1], the Information…
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The results achieved with the implementation of the law so far have been very limited. In 2017 there were only seven internal reporting units…
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Q37
58/100
Is special attention paid to the selection, time in post, and oversight of personnel in sensitive positions, including officials and personnel in defence procurement, contracting, financial management, and commercial management?
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Under the Law on Conflict of Interests, all medium and high-level employees in public administration, the directors of directories in the MoD and the…
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According to the Law on Civil Servants, recruitment and promotion are based on the principle of open competition. There are no specific provisions in…
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The General Inspection Directorate controls the implementation of laws and regulations while the Directorate of Personnel Management and Qualification in the MoD is responsible…
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Payroll, Promotions, Appointments, Rewards
Q38
58/100
Is the number of civilian and military personnel accurately known and publicly available?
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The Ministry of Finance and Economy (MoF) publishes the total number of Ministry of Defence (MoD) and armed forces personnel when the annual budget…
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Other than the figures provided by the MoF, the disaggregated number of civilian and military personnel are not made public by the MoD [1].…
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The number of armed forces personnel has been reduced from about 31,000 in the mid-2000s to less than 9,000 current personnel members [1], the…
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Q39
100/100
Are pay rates and allowances for civilian and military personnel openly published?
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Pay rates for civilian and military personnel are determined by the Council of Ministers. The pay rates for the military personnel are set by…
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Civilian personnel are not entitled to receive allowances. Various allowances paid to the military personnel for housing rent, alimentation, medical treatment, etc, are defined…
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Q40
100/100
Do personnel receive the correct pay on time, and is the system of payment well-established, routine, and published?
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The Ministry of Defence (MoD) and armed forces personnel receive their salary on time. The procedures for the payment of the salaries are defined…
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Personnel receive the correct pay. Salaries are transferred to the bank account of each employee. The date of payment is defined in the contract…
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The payment and allowances system is openly published. The Decision of Council of Ministers on the Payment of Salaries of Active Personnel of the…
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Q41
58/100
Is there an established, independent, transparent, and objective appointment system for the selection of military personnel at middle and top management level?
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There is a system for the appointment of middle and high-level military personnel defined by the Constitution and several laws and regulations. The high-rank…
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No provisions for external oversight of the appointment process exist in the legal and regulatory framework [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6].
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The procedures on the appointment process are publically available on the Ministry of Defence (MoD) website [8].
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Q42
38/100
Are personnel promoted through an objective, meritocratic process? Such a process would include promotion boards outside of the command chain, strong formal appraisal processes, and independent oversight.
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The promotion of military personnel is regulated by laws and regulations that provide for promotion criteria for each rank, including non commissioned officers, the…
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This indicator has been marked Not Applicable. No information is made public on the promotion and appointment for the military except for a few…
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No information is made public on the promotion and appointment for the military except for a few of the high ranking military and services…
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This indicator has been marked Not Applicable. No information is made public on the promotion and appointments in the military, except for a few…
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Conscription and Recruitment
Q43
NA/100
Where compulsory conscription occurs, is there a policy of not accepting bribes for avoiding conscription? Are there appropriate procedures in place to deal with such bribery, and are they applied?
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This indicator has been marked Not Applicable. Albania does not have a consription policy [1].
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This indicator has been marked Not Applicable. Albania does not have a consription policy [1].
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This indicator has been marked Not Applicable. Albania does not have a consription policy [1].
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Q44
67/100
is there a policy of refusing bribes to gain preferred postings? Are there appropriate procedures in place to deal with such bribery, and are they applied?
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A review of the policy documents of the Ministry of Defence (MoD) and the armed forces shows that there are no documents that set…
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Sanctions on bribery, in general, are provided in the Criminal Code, the Military Criminal Code. According to the Criminal Code, the reception of any…
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There are no reports published by the MoD on the activity of anti-corruption and integrity bodies, so the number of administrative sanctions for wrongdoing…
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Salary Chain
Chains of command and the chains of payment are separate. This separation of competencies exist in the Ministry of Defence (MoD) and General Staff,…
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Values and Standards
Q46
67/100
Is there a Code of Conduct for all military personnel that includes, but is not limited to, guidance with respect to bribery, gifts and hospitality, conflicts of interest, and post-separation activities? Is there evidence that breaches of the Code of Conduct are effectively addressed?
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There is no code of conduct, but the Law on Discipline in the Albanian Armed Forces contains elements of conduct and ethical behaviour. The…
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The Law on Discipline and Regulations is published by the MoD on its website and are available to the military personnel and the public…
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Breaches of discipline are investigated when reported, but the number of the reported cases is generally low [1, 2]. The MoD doesn’t publish reports…
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There is not enough information to score this indicator. Regulations and instructions are issued by the Minister of Defence on the implementation of the…
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Q47
56/100
Is there a Code of Conduct for all civilian personnel that includes, but is not limited to, guidance with respect to bribery, gifts and hospitality, conflicts of interest, and post-separation activities? Is there evidence that breaches of the Code of Conduct are effectively addressed?
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No specific code of conduct exists for the civilian personnel in the Ministry of Defence (MoD) and the armed forces. However, the conflict of…
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The legislation is available to all civilian personnel and the public. The High Inspectorate of Declaration and Audit of Assets and Conflicts of Interest…
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The Law on Ethics provides disciplinary sanctions in accordance with the Law on the Status of the Civil Servant, and it requires the relevant…
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The legislation is available to all civilian personnel and to the public. The HIDAACI has produced manuals and guidelines that are accessible on its…
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Q48
33/100
Does regular anti-corruption training take place for military and civilian personnel?
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For military personnel, anti-corruption training is provided through different courses and briefings included in educational and training programs [1]. However, training is superficial [2].…
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Anti-corruption training for military personnel is not a well-structured process [1]. It is provided at the academy level and on ad hoc basis and…
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Formally the topic corruption is included in the different training courses, but courses are not structured by rank or service [1, 2]. There is…
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Q49
33/100
Is there a policy to make public outcomes of the prosecution of defence services personnel for corrupt activities, and is there evidence of effective prosecutions in recent years?
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The Prosecutor General’s Office regularly publishes in its annual reports to the parliament the statistics on prosecutions, including the prosecution of Ministry of Defence…
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Charges are usually made public by the prosecution in response to media attention and often by the defendants, but there is no policy for…
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Cases are investigated, but they mainly are a result of political incentives rather than from thorough investigations [1, 2]. Often cases are referred to…
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Q50
75/100
Are there effective measures in place to discourage facilitation payments (which are illegal in almost all countries)?
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Facilitation payments are strictly illegal. According to the Criminal Code, the reception of any kind of improper benefit (bribes, offering gifts or facilitation payments)…
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The cases prosecuted involving defence and security are available but due to lack of data on the investigations conducted by MoD investigation bodies, it…
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There is not enough information to score this indicator. Survey evidence suggests the presence of undue influence in the relations between businesses and public…
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