Political Risk:
Moderate
Score:
55/100
Defence and Security Policy and Policy Transparency
Q1
17/100
Is there formal provision for effective and independent legislative scrutiny of defence policy?
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The Parliamentary Assembly has no formal powers over the defence policy. The Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina adopts the policy with the Parliament Assembly…
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The parliament does not regularly approve and veto laws on security and the best example of this that the Law on Defence has not…
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The majority of the elected representatives in the Parliamentary Assembly of Bosnia and Herzegovina compose the ruling majority who appoint the members of the…
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Q2
58/100
Does the country have an identifiable and effective parliamentary defence and security committee (or similar such organisations) to exercise oversight?
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There is a Joint Committee on Defence and Security of Bosnia and Herzegovina that, among its other duties, is assigned with the following duties:…
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The Joint Committee on Defence and Security of Bosnia and Herzegovina (JC) consists of twelve members. Though any MP can be a member of…
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The JC’s authority arises from the Rules of Procedures of the House of Representatives and the House of Peoples of the Parliamentary Assembly [1,…
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Annual reports from 2015, 2016 and 2017 on the work of the JC show that it did not issue any budget amendment or recommendations…
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Following the 2015 Annual Report on the work of the JC, the committee reviewed the material and conclusions from the discussion on the Council…
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The 2015 and 2016 annual reports on the work of the Parliamentary Military Commissioner (PMC) found that some of the problems mentioned by the…
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Q3
0/100
Is the country’s national defence policy or national security strategy debated and publicly available?
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Since the last Defence Policy of Bosnia and Herzegovina, was adopted in 2008 by the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, there has not been…
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This indicator has been marked Not Applicable, due to the fact that there is no debate in the country, as outlined in 3A. Documents…
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As both aforementioned documents that regulate the defence and security policies are ten years old and even though the platform for the implementation of…
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Although a defence policy document, the White Book from 2005, is published on the Ministry of Defence’s website, the latest defence document, the Defence…
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Q4
92/100
Do defence and security institutions have a policy, or evidence, of openness towards civil society organisations (CSOs) when dealing with issues of corruption?
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There is an official policy adopted by the Ministry of Defence of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Public Relation Policy [1], it is accompanied by…
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Civil society organisations (CSOs) enjoy a range of protections from government and there are laws providing citizens to freely associate in the form of…
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In general, defence and security institutions rarely engage CSOs in the process of production of anti-corruption policies. Still, there is evidence proving that defence…
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Q5
63/100
Has the country signed up to the following international anti-corruption instruments: UNCAC and the OECD Convention?
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According to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute – SIPRI’s Facts Sheet (Trends in International Arms Transfer) from March 2018 Bosnia and Herzegovina is…
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Per the Draft Country Review Report of Bosnia and Herzegovina (review cycle 2010-2015), there are considerable challenges for Bosnia and Herzegovina in the implementation…
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Q6
25/100
Is there evidence of regular, active public debate on issues of defence? If yes, does the government participate in this debate?
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There are occasional debates among representatives of academics, journalists, opinion-formers, and civil society organisations (CSOs) about defence issues. When debates occur they only superficially…
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There is regular information on the Ministry of Defence’s (MoD) website concerning the current activities of the MoD and its management and they appear…
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Q7
88/100
Does the country have an openly stated and effectively implemented anti-corruption policy for the defence sector?
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The National Anticorruption Strategy is not structured to specify or address the obligations separately for every institution in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), including the…
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Per obligations from the strategy, the MoD created the “BiH MoD Integrity Plan and Fight against Corruption for the period 2015-2019”, containing 182 measures.…
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Q8
100/100
Are there independent, well-resourced, and effective institutions within defence and security tasked with building integrity and countering corruption?
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There is a specialized organisational Unit named General Inspectorate in the Ministry of Defence of Bosnia and Herzegovina (MoD) which in accordance with Chapter…
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According to Article 54 of the Law on Defence of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the General Inspectorate is an organisational unit within the Ministry of…
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Through information obtained through a telephone conversation with the general inspector, the General Inspectorate of the Ministry of Defence (MoD) is composed of inspectors…
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Q9
NS/100
Does the public trust the institutions of defence and security to tackle the issue of bribery and corruption in their establishments?
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This indicator is not assigned a score in the GDI. In 2015, the Centre for Security Studies conducted public opinion research on perception, attitudes…
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Q10
100/100
Are there regular assessments of the areas of greatest corruption risk for ministry and armed forces personnel, and are the findings used as inputs to the anti-corruption policy?
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In 2016, the Ministry of Defence of Bosnia and Herzegovina (MoD) adopted a Rule Book on Assessing Risk Corruption which foresees the risk assessment…
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According to the Plan for Integrity and the Fight Against Corruption of the Ministry of Defence of Bosnia and Herzegovina for the Period 2015-2019…
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As explained in subsection 10B, the MoD and the Joint Headquarters of the Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina, are obliged to annually analyze…
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Defence Budgets
Q11
33/100
Does the country have a process for acquisition planning that involves clear oversight, and is it publicly available?
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The Ministry of Defence (MoD) only recognizes budgetary planning for procurement [1, 2, 3]. The process of logistics needs planning and procurement is in…
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The public has access to information about the entire process of public procurement itself. Namely and following the response given by the MoD to…
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There is no external oversight of the acquisition planning process. Article 17 of the Public Procurement Law prescribes that the contracting authority can start…
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Q12
50/100
Is the defence budget transparent, showing key items of expenditure? And it is provided to the legislature in a timely fashion?
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The Law on Budget of the Institution of Bosnia and Herzegovina and International Obligation of Bosnia and Herzegovina for 2018 lacks the information on…
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The legislature – the Committee for Finance and Budget of the House of Representative of the Parliamentary Assembly of Bosnia and Herzegovina received an…
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Q13
0/100
Is there a legislative committee (or other appropriate body) responsible for defence budget scrutiny and analysis in an effective way?
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The Joint Committee on Defence and Security of Bosnia and Herzegovina (JC) has no formal power to make an impact on defence budget decision…
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The Joint Committee on Defence and Security of Bosnia and Herzegovina has no formal power to make an impact on defence budget decision making.…
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Q14
58/100
Is the approved defence budget made publicly available? In practice, can citizens, civil society, and the media obtain detailed information on the defence budget?
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The Defence Budget’s in 2018 and 2017 were adopted by the Parliamentary Assembly of Bosnia and Herzegovina and it presents an integral part of…
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The approved Defence Budget of Bosnia and Herzegovina is fully disclosed to the public but, it is not fully but it is not enough…
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Following Article 4 of the Law on Freedom of Access to Information, every natural and legal person has the right to access information in…
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Q15
58/100
Are sources of defence income other than from central government allocation (from equipment sales or property disposal, for example) published and scrutinised?
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Since all the income generated by the Ministry of Defence, in accordance with Article 64 of the Rule Book on Financial and Material Operating…
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There are two mechanisms of scrutiny of financial operations of the Ministry of Defence of Bosnia and Herzegovina [1]. The Auditing Office of the…
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There is almost no scrutiny of the Ministry of Defence’s non-central government sources of funding. The media only provides some general information on the…
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Q16
44/100
Is there an effective internal audit process for defence ministry expenditure (that is, for example, transparent, conducted by appropriately skilled individuals, and subject to parliamentary oversight)?
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Under Article 4 of the Rule Book on Internal Audit in the Ministry of Defence, the head of the Internal Audit Office is obliged…
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There is an internal audit office within the Ministry of Defence of Bosnia and Herzegovina and, in accordance with Article 10, paragraph 1, of…
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The Internal audit reports are not delivered to external audit bodies without a prior call of those external audit bodies, according to Article 19…
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Per the 2016 Annual Consolidated Report of Internal Audit, the Ministry of Defence of Bosnia and Herzegovina, out of the total number of the…
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Q17
88/100
Is there effective and transparent external auditing of military defence expenditure?
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In accordance with Article 13, paragraph 5, the Audit Office of the Institutions of Bosnia and Herzegovina is obliged once a year to perform…
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In accordance with Article 4 of the Law on Audit Office of the Institutions of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Audit Office of the Institutions…
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In Article 3 paragraph 2 of the Law on Audit of the Institutions of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Audit Office is obliged to timely…
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From the 2018 Audit Report on Financial Revision, out of the 34 recommendations issued in the 2017 report, the Ministry of Defence of Bosnia…
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Nexus of Defence and National Assets
Q18
100/100
Is there evidence that the country’s defence institutions have controlling or financial interests in businesses associated with the country’s natural resource exploitation and, if so, are these interests publicly stated and subject to scrutiny?
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Article 13 of the Law on Defence of Bosnia and Herzegovina prescribes all the competences of the Ministry of Defence and accordingly to the…
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Article 13 of the Law on Defence of Bosnia and Herzegovina prescribes all the competences of the Ministry of Defence and accordingly to the…
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As explained in 18A, there is no legal basis for military personnel to be involved in any kind of control or exploitation of natural…
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This indicator has been marked Not Applicable. Article 13 of the Law on Defence of Bosnia and Herzegovina prescribes all the competences of the…
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This indicator has been marked Not Applicable. Article 13 of the Law on Defence of Bosnia and Herzegovina prescribes all the competences of the…
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Organised Crime
Q19
25/100
Is there evidence, for example through media investigations or prosecution reports, of a penetration of organised crime into the defence and security sector? If no, is there evidence that the government is alert and prepared for this risk?
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There are media reports of police officers being arrested for sharing information on police actions [1], and participation in narcotics trafficking [2]. There have…
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The state has adopted action plans for the implementation of the Strategy for Combating Organized Crime in Bosnia and Herzegovina; however, in the strategic…
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Q20
67/100
Is there policing to investigate corruption and organised crime within the defence services and is there evidence of the effectiveness of this policing?
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The role of the military police includes the suppression of organized crime and corruption; however, they are primarily in charge of maintenance of internal…
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Since the units authorized to combat organized crime and corruption in the defence sector are incorporated in the organisational structure of the 4th, 5th…
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The Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe’s (OSCE) Report on Assessment of the Needs of the Judiciary in the Corruption Processes through Monitoring…
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Control of Intelligence Services
Q21
75/100
Are the policies, administration, and budgets of the intelligence services subject to effective and independent oversight?
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There is a Joint Committee on Supervision of the Work of Intelligence and Security Agency of Bosnia and Herzegovina within the Parliamentary Assembly of…
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Pursuant to Article 22 of the Intelligence-Security Service of Bosnia and Herzegovina, members of the Joint Committee for Supervision of the Work of the…
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Q22
33/100
Are senior positions within the intelligence services filled on the basis of objective selection criteria, and are appointees subject to investigation of their suitability and prior conduct?
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According to the Law on Intelligence-Security Agency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the positions within the agency with clear seniority are the director-general, the deputy…
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As it is prescribed by Article 25 of the Law on Intelligence-Security Agency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the appointment of the director-general, the deputy…
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There is a Rulebook on the Way of Conducting the Security Check and the Source of Data in the Security Check Process of the…
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Export Controls
Q23
92/100
Does the government have a well-scrutinised process for arms export decisions that aligns with Articles 7.1.iv, 11.5, and 15.6 of the Arms Trade Treaty (ATT)?
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Bosnia and Herzegovina signed and ratified the Arms Trade Treaty (ATT) on September 25, 2014, agreeing to comply with the whole treaty [1, 2].
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Bosnia and Herzegovina fully complies with the three articles of the ATT. The articles of ATT are used for state strategies, and Bosnia and…
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According to Article 5 of the Law on Control of Foreign Trade Traffic of Weapon, Military Equipment and Special Purpose Goods, the Ministry of…
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Lobbying in Defence
Bosnia and Herzegovina has no legal framework regulating lobbying [1].
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Bosnia and Herzegovina has no legal framework regulating lobbying [1], as such this indicator is marked Not Applicable.
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Bosnia and Herzegovina has no legal framework regulating lobbying [1], as such this indicator is marked Not Applicable.
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Bosnia and Herzegovina has no legal framework regulating lobbying [1], as such this indicator is marked Not Applicable.
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