Personnel Risk:
Very High
Score:
25/100
Leadership Behaviour
Q34
8/100
Do the Defence Ministry, Defence Minister, Chiefs of Defence, and Single Service Chiefs publicly commit, through, for example, speeches, media interviews, or political mandates, to anti-corruption and integrity measures?
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There is no evidence of any internal communications from senior members of the defence and security establishment. Due to the lack of transparency and…
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The Minister of Defence has made several pronouncements on cases relating to corruption within the defence systems. Corrupt military officers have been disciplined and…
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There is no evidence of senior military officers denouncing corruption in the military and Ministry of Defence openly. The former Minister of Defence did…
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Q35
50/100
Are there effective measures in place for personnel found to have taken part in forms of bribery and corruption, and is there evidence that these measures are being carried out?
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There are several legal texts that criminalise corruption in Cameroon in conjunction with the country’s penal code (Law No. 67-LF-1 of 12 June 1967)…
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In the 2017 US State Department Report, the Delegate General for National Security, Ministry of Defence, and Ministry of Justice claimed members of security…
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Q36
8/100
Is whistleblowing encouraged by the government, and are whistle-blowers in military and defence ministries afforded adequate protection from reprisal for reporting evidence of corruption, in both law and practice?
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The practice of whistleblowing is one that is yet to permeate the socio-political landscape of Cameroon. Although there is no specific legal framework on…
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The government have put in place a system to report corruption through the mandate of CONAC that provides for the anonymity of reporting persons…
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Whistleblowing in Cameroon is limited by several factors. The anti-corruption unit can only investigate but cannot prosecute. This organ was created by the President…
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Q37
0/100
Is special attention paid to the selection, time in post, and oversight of personnel in sensitive positions, including officials and personnel in defence procurement, contracting, financial management, and commercial management?
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Public contracts and procurement fall under the authority of the Ministry of Public Contracts. In 2002, in order to ensure and enhance effectiveness, a…
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According to Interviewee 1, selection to strategic positions is based mainly on personal relationships [1]. However, according to Transparency International (2015), there is no…
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No evidence has been found to show that there is any internal scrutiny of the appointment or promotion of personnel in sensitive positions in…
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Payroll, Promotions, Appointments, Rewards
Q38
0/100
Is the number of civilian and military personnel accurately known and publicly available?
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The official website of the Military of Defence does not carry details of the number of personnel. However, some other sources provide information on…
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Globalsecurity.org states that “As of 2000 the Cameroonian armed forces were reported to have a total of about 28,000 men including 14,000 for the…
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In 2013, the Ministry of Finance removed 12 members of the Ministry of Defence, ghost workers who were on the pay role of this…
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Q39
13/100
Are pay rates and allowances for civilian and military personnel openly published?
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There is no available information on the salaries of civilian and military personnel. According to one Reuters (June 4, 2017) report, “A government spokesman…
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Although allowances of military and civilian personnel are often mentioned publicly including amounts, eligibility and calculation methods are not often mentioned [1]. In 2015,…
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Q40
25/100
Do personnel receive the correct pay on time, and is the system of payment well-established, routine, and published?
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The salaries of military personnel, especially those of specialised agencies, is one of the top priorities of the country. However, sometimes there may be…
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Issues with accuracy are not common. Sometimes inaccuracies are due to the fact that some soldiers are involved in faking papers to increase their…
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There is no information published describing the payment system of the salaries of military personnel [1] [2].
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Q41
0/100
Is there an established, independent, transparent, and objective appointment system for the selection of military personnel at middle and top management level?
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There are no well-established mechanisms through which middle and upper management personnel are appointed. Appointments to these positions are based on the discretion of…
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Appointments are made by a Presidential decree and there is no oversight structure to scrutinise the choices of the President [1] [2] [3].
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No information is given out on the choice of those selected in some of these positions. Selection is often guided by ethnic sentiments and…
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Q42
31/100
Are personnel promoted through an objective, meritocratic process? Such a process would include promotion boards outside of the command chain, strong formal appraisal processes, and independent oversight.
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The military has a procedure for career growth which is based on longevity in service, level of discipline and performance. However, often these criteria…
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No evidence could be found to point to the existence of regulations addressing exceptions. In addition, personnel are promoted based on tribal sentiments or…
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Appointments and promotion to certain key positions are published on the website of the Presidency of Cameroon and in the Cameroon Tribune. Most appointments…
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While there is evidence that details of some promotions are published (including name, rank, new post and effective date) [1], there is no evidence…
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Conscription and Recruitment
Q43
NA/100
Where compulsory conscription occurs, is there a policy of not accepting bribes for avoiding conscription? Are there appropriate procedures in place to deal with such bribery, and are they applied?
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There is no evidence to show forced conscription into the military [1]. Therefore, this indicator is marked Not Applicable. Female and male are brought…
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There is currently no compulsory recruitment [1]. Therefore, this indicator is marked Not Applicable. However, more and more, the government has requested that defence…
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Since the independence of Cameroon, there has been no compulsory conscription [1] [2]. Therefore, this indicator is marked Not Applicable. However, during competitive selection…
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Q44
83/100
is there a policy of refusing bribes to gain preferred postings? Are there appropriate procedures in place to deal with such bribery, and are they applied?
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The following legislation criminalises corruption in Cameroon: The penal code of Cameroon (Law No. 67-LF-1 of 12 June 1967): – Article 134 criminalises the…
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The Penal Code gives provision for criminalisation with sanctions for bribery and corruption ranging from five years to life imprisonment as well as the…
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Police and gendarmerie officers extort money through bribes before rendering services to citizens [2]. The laissez-faire attitude in which bribery and corruption is addressed…
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Salary Chain
The chains of payment are separated from the chain of command given that the chain of payment is directly under the Ministry of Finance,…
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Values and Standards
Q46
19/100
Is there a Code of Conduct for all military personnel that includes, but is not limited to, guidance with respect to bribery, gifts and hospitality, conflicts of interest, and post-separation activities? Is there evidence that breaches of the Code of Conduct are effectively addressed?
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Military Justice in Cameroon is handled by the Military Justice Directorate. It handles issues ranging from prosecutions to sentences of those charged with offences.…
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There is a Code of Conduct for military personnel but it does not specifically make mention of issues relating to corruption and it is…
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The US State Department report (2017) states, “The DGSN and gendarmerie investigated reports of abuse and forwarded cases to the courts. Lesser sanctions were…
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Police are said to be ineffective, poorly trained, and corrupt. Impunity is a problem [1]. This suggests that training in the Code of Conduct…
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Q47
38/100
Is there a Code of Conduct for all civilian personnel that includes, but is not limited to, guidance with respect to bribery, gifts and hospitality, conflicts of interest, and post-separation activities? Is there evidence that breaches of the Code of Conduct are effectively addressed?
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The General Rules and Regulations of the Civil Service (1994) apply to civilian personnel within the defence and security sectors as well as for…
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The General Rules and Regulations of the Civil Service (1994) applies to civilian personnel within the defence and security sectors as well as it…
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The General Rules and Regulations of the Civil Service (1994) applies to civilians working in the Ministry of Defence and security officers (Article 1)…
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The General Rules and Regulations of the Civil Service is taught during training and made available in the ministries or departments and online [1],…
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Q48
17/100
Does regular anti-corruption training take place for military and civilian personnel?
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The Military Security Division known as SEMIL is charged with training in ethics and the deontology of the military. This unit brings together staff…
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There is no evidence which indicates that there is systematic and thorough anti-corruption training [1] [2]. Corruption is addressed in an ad hoc manner,…
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Cameroon has for the past four years received training from the United States and France in a wide range of issues to help it…
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Q49
25/100
Is there a policy to make public outcomes of the prosecution of defence services personnel for corrupt activities, and is there evidence of effective prosecutions in recent years?
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There are several legal documents that guide the behaviour of these personnel with respect to corruption. They include: – Article 134 of the Penal…
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There is no official policy on the publication of names of security personnel involved in corrupt practices. However, from time to time the names…
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Although the law makes provision for criminal penalties for defence and military personnel, these are hardly enforced, especially when high-profile personalities are involved [1].…
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Q50
33/100
Are there effective measures in place to discourage facilitation payments (which are illegal in almost all countries)?
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The Penal Code Law No. 65-LF-24 of 12 November 1965 and Law No. 67-LF-1 of 12 June 1967) as amended by LAW No. 2016/007…
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The Penal Code specifically addresses the issue of facilitation payments. Article 312 of the Penal Code prohibits any employee, without the permission of his…
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Corruption and the practice of facilitation payments is widespread in the country [1]. Almost every sector and ministerial department has been affected by this…
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