Personnel Risk:

Very High

Score:

25/100

Leadership Behaviour

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Q34 8/100

Do the Defence Ministry, Defence Minister, Chiefs of Defence, and Single Service Chiefs publicly commit, through, for example, speeches, media interviews, or political mandates, to anti-corruption and integrity measures?

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Chiefs/Ministers: Internal communications Score: 0 / 100
There is no evidence of any internal communications from senior members of the defence and security establishment. Due to the lack of transparency and…
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Chiefs/Ministers: Public commitment Score: 25 / 100
The Minister of Defence has made several pronouncements on cases relating to corruption within the defence systems. Corrupt military officers have been disciplined and…
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Unit commanders and leaders Score: 0 / 100
There is no evidence of senior military officers denouncing corruption in the military and Ministry of Defence openly. The former Minister of Defence did…
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Q35 50/100

Are there effective measures in place for personnel found to have taken part in forms of bribery and corruption, and is there evidence that these measures are being carried out?

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Sanctions Score: 100 / 100
There are several legal texts that criminalise corruption in Cameroon in conjunction with the country’s penal code (Law No. 67-LF-1 of 12 June 1967)…
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Enforcement Score: 0 / 100
In the 2017 US State Department Report, the Delegate General for National Security, Ministry of Defence, and Ministry of Justice claimed members of security…
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Q36 8/100

Is whistleblowing encouraged by the government, and are whistle-blowers in military and defence ministries afforded adequate protection from reprisal for reporting evidence of corruption, in both law and practice?

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Legal provisions Score: 0 / 100
The practice of whistleblowing is one that is yet to permeate the socio-political landscape of Cameroon. Although there is no specific legal framework on…
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Prioritisation Score: 25 / 100
The government have put in place a system to report corruption through the mandate of CONAC that provides for the anonymity of reporting persons…
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Effectiveness Score: 0 / 100
Whistleblowing in Cameroon is limited by several factors. The anti-corruption unit can only investigate but cannot prosecute. This organ was created by the President…
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Q37 0/100

Is special attention paid to the selection, time in post, and oversight of personnel in sensitive positions, including officials and personnel in defence procurement, contracting, financial management, and commercial management?

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Coverage of sensitive (higher-risk) positions Score: 0 / 100
Public contracts and procurement fall under the authority of the Ministry of Public Contracts. In 2002, in order to ensure and enhance effectiveness, a…
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Selection process Score: 0 / 100
According to Interviewee 1, selection to strategic positions is based mainly on personal relationships [1]. However, according to Transparency International (2015), there is no…
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Oversight Score: 0 / 100
No evidence has been found to show that there is any internal scrutiny of the appointment or promotion of personnel in sensitive positions in…
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Payroll, Promotions, Appointments, Rewards

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Q38 0/100

Is the number of civilian and military personnel accurately known and publicly available?

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Accuracy Score: 0 / 100
The official website of the Military of Defence does not carry details of the number of personnel. However, some other sources provide information on…
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Transparency Score: 0 / 100
Globalsecurity.org states that “As of 2000 the Cameroonian armed forces were reported to have a total of about 28,000 men including 14,000 for the…
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Ghost soldiers Score: 0 / 100
In 2013, the Ministry of Finance removed 12 members of the Ministry of Defence, ghost workers who were on the pay role of this…
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Q39 13/100

Are pay rates and allowances for civilian and military personnel openly published?

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Pay rates Score: 0 / 100
There is no available information on the salaries of civilian and military personnel. According to one Reuters (June 4, 2017) report, “A government spokesman…
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Allowances Score: 25 / 100
Although allowances of military and civilian personnel are often mentioned publicly including amounts, eligibility and calculation methods are not often mentioned [1]. In 2015,…
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Q40 25/100

Do personnel receive the correct pay on time, and is the system of payment well-established, routine, and published?

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Timeliness Score: 25 / 100
The salaries of military personnel, especially those of specialised agencies, is one of the top priorities of the country. However, sometimes there may be…
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Accuracy Score: 50 / 100
Issues with accuracy are not common. Sometimes inaccuracies are due to the fact that some soldiers are involved in faking papers to increase their…
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Transparency Score: 0 / 100
There is no information published describing the payment system of the salaries of military personnel [1] [2].
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Q41 0/100

Is there an established, independent, transparent, and objective appointment system for the selection of military personnel at middle and top management level?

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Formal process Score: 0 / 100
There are no well-established mechanisms through which middle and upper management personnel are appointed. Appointments to these positions are based on the discretion of…
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Scrutiny Score: 0 / 100
Appointments are made by a Presidential decree and there is no oversight structure to scrutinise the choices of the President [1] [2] [3].
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Transparency Score: 0 / 100
No information is given out on the choice of those selected in some of these positions. Selection is often guided by ethnic sentiments and…
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Q42 31/100

Are personnel promoted through an objective, meritocratic process? Such a process would include promotion boards outside of the command chain, strong formal appraisal processes, and independent oversight.

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Formal process Score: 25 / 100
The military has a procedure for career growth which is based on longevity in service, level of discipline and performance. However, often these criteria…
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Exceptions Score: 0 / 100
No evidence could be found to point to the existence of regulations addressing exceptions. In addition, personnel are promoted based on tribal sentiments or…
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Comprehensiveness Score: 50 / 100
Appointments and promotion to certain key positions are published on the website of the Presidency of Cameroon and in the Cameroon Tribune. Most appointments…
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Frequency Score: 50 / 100
While there is evidence that details of some promotions are published (including name, rank, new post and effective date) [1], there is no evidence…
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Conscription and Recruitment

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Q43 NA/100

Where compulsory conscription occurs, is there a policy of not accepting bribes for avoiding conscription? Are there appropriate procedures in place to deal with such bribery, and are they applied?

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Policy Score: NA / 100
There is no evidence to show forced conscription into the military [1]. Therefore, this indicator is marked Not Applicable. Female and male are brought…
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Sanctions Score: NA / 100
There is currently no compulsory recruitment [1]. Therefore, this indicator is marked Not Applicable. However, more and more, the government has requested that defence…
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Enforcement Score: NA / 100
Since the independence of Cameroon, there has been no compulsory conscription [1] [2]. Therefore, this indicator is marked Not Applicable. However, during competitive selection…
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Q44 83/100

is there a policy of refusing bribes to gain preferred postings? Are there appropriate procedures in place to deal with such bribery, and are they applied?

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Policy Score: 100 / 100
The following legislation criminalises corruption in Cameroon: The penal code of Cameroon (Law No. 67-LF-1 of 12 June 1967): – Article 134 criminalises the…
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Sanctions Score: 100 / 100
The Penal Code gives provision for criminalisation with sanctions for bribery and corruption ranging from five years to life imprisonment as well as the…
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Enforcement Score: 50 / 100
Police and gendarmerie officers extort money through bribes before rendering services to citizens [2]. The laissez-faire attitude in which bribery and corruption is addressed…
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Salary Chain

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Q45 50/100

Are chains of command separate from chains of payment?

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Score: 50 / 100
The chains of payment are separated from the chain of command given that the chain of payment is directly under the Ministry of Finance,…
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Values and Standards

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Q46 19/100

Is there a Code of Conduct for all military personnel that includes, but is not limited to, guidance with respect to bribery, gifts and hospitality, conflicts of interest, and post-separation activities? Is there evidence that breaches of the Code of Conduct are effectively addressed?

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Code of conduct Score: 25 / 100
Military Justice in Cameroon is handled by the Military Justice Directorate. It handles issues ranging from prosecutions to sentences of those charged with offences.…
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Transparency Score: 25 / 100
There is a Code of Conduct for military personnel but it does not specifically make mention of issues relating to corruption and it is…
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Enforcement Score: 25 / 100
The US State Department report (2017) states, “The DGSN and gendarmerie investigated reports of abuse and forwarded cases to the courts. Lesser sanctions were…
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Training Score: 0 / 100
Police are said to be ineffective, poorly trained, and corrupt. Impunity is a problem [1]. This suggests that training in the Code of Conduct…
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Q47 38/100

Is there a Code of Conduct for all civilian personnel that includes, but is not limited to, guidance with respect to bribery, gifts and hospitality, conflicts of interest, and post-separation activities? Is there evidence that breaches of the Code of Conduct are effectively addressed?

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Code of conduct Score: 25 / 100
The General Rules and Regulations of the Civil Service (1994) apply to civilian personnel within the defence and security sectors as well as for…
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Transparency Score: 50 / 100
The General Rules and Regulations of the Civil Service (1994) applies to civilian personnel within the defence and security sectors as well as it…
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Enforcement Score: 25 / 100
The General Rules and Regulations of the Civil Service (1994) applies to civilians working in the Ministry of Defence and security officers (Article 1)…
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Training Score: 50 / 100
The General Rules and Regulations of the Civil Service is taught during training and made available in the ministries or departments and online [1],…
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Q48 17/100

Does regular anti-corruption training take place for military and civilian personnel?

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Comprehensiveness Score: 25 / 100
The Military Security Division known as SEMIL is charged with training in ethics and the deontology of the military. This unit brings together staff…
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Regularity Score: 0 / 100
There is no evidence which indicates that there is systematic and thorough anti-corruption training [1] [2]. Corruption is addressed in an ad hoc manner,…
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Coverage of personnel Score: 25 / 100
Cameroon has for the past four years received training from the United States and France in a wide range of issues to help it…
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Q49 25/100

Is there a policy to make public outcomes of the prosecution of defence services personnel for corrupt activities, and is there evidence of effective prosecutions in recent years?

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Policy Score: 0 / 100
There are several legal documents that guide the behaviour of these personnel with respect to corruption. They include: – Article 134 of the Penal…
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Transparency Score: 25 / 100
There is no official policy on the publication of names of security personnel involved in corrupt practices. However, from time to time the names…
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Effectiveness Score: 50 / 100
Although the law makes provision for criminal penalties for defence and military personnel, these are hardly enforced, especially when high-profile personalities are involved [1].…
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Q50 33/100

Are there effective measures in place to discourage facilitation payments (which are illegal in almost all countries)?

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Legal framework Score: 100 / 100
The Penal Code Law No. 65-LF-24 of 12 November 1965 and Law No. 67-LF-1 of 12 June 1967) as amended by LAW No. 2016/007…
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Enforcement Score: 0 / 100
The Penal Code specifically addresses the issue of facilitation payments. Article 312 of the Penal Code prohibits any employee, without the permission of his…
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Prevalence Score: 0 / 100
Corruption and the practice of facilitation payments is widespread in the country [1]. Almost every sector and ministerial department has been affected by this…
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