Personnel Risk:
Moderate
Score:
56/100
Leadership Behaviour
Q34
8/100
Do the Defence Ministry, Defence Minister, Chiefs of Defence, and Single Service Chiefs publicly commit, through, for example, speeches, media interviews, or political mandates, to anti-corruption and integrity measures?
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There is a commitment to anti-corruption and integrity measures by the Defence Ministry (MoD) and senior members of the armed forces, but it may…
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Recently, there has not been a single occasion when the minister or the chief of defence or the service chiefs have publicly mentioned the…
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Through interviews sources with close relations to unit commanders, or recently serving in similar leadership position suggested they had no responsibility to include integrity…
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Q35
75/100
Are there effective measures in place for personnel found to have taken part in forms of bribery and corruption, and is there evidence that these measures are being carried out?
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According to Source 4 [1], there are very clear rules applying to the defence sector. Sanctions of bribery include criminal prosecution, demotion, incarceration, dismissal,…
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Though many cases are investigated, the prosecution is often stopped or does not even take place. Undue political influence takes place frequently, particularly through…
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Q36
25/100
Is whistleblowing encouraged by the government, and are whistle-blowers in military and defence ministries afforded adequate protection from reprisal for reporting evidence of corruption, in both law and practice?
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The legal provisions are described by the CLXV/2015 Act on Whistleblowers [1]. Transparency International Hungary, issued a report on their concerns, with a detailed…
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There is a widespread assumption in the Hungarian Army that can be described as ” We don’t make it into our own nest”. Training…
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A whistleblower law is in place [1] and includes appropriate safeguards. However, personnel may not be confident that the system will protect them adequately.…
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Q37
33/100
Is special attention paid to the selection, time in post, and oversight of personnel in sensitive positions, including officials and personnel in defence procurement, contracting, financial management, and commercial management?
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Significant attention is paid to personnel regarding procurement and resources as the assessor pointed out. However, much less attention is paid to personnel having…
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Technical competencies are necessary, but hiring rarely follows an open, transparent procedure. Not only does the example [1] prove that open conflict of interest…
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Although there is not always open recruitment, and conflict of interest policies are not perfectly developed, both internal scrutiny and external scrutiny exists. External…
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Payroll, Promotions, Appointments, Rewards
Q38
25/100
Is the number of civilian and military personnel accurately known and publicly available?
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There is no publicly available information [1, 2]. Beyond the legal restrictions linked to the 2011 modification of the CXIII Law on National Defence…
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The Ministry of Defence (MoD) publishes aggregate numbers linked to the description of the state budget or information provided to NATO and other international…
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There is not enough information to score this indicator. The existence or absence of ghost soldiers could not be confirmed or excluded [1].
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Q39
100/100
Are pay rates and allowances for civilian and military personnel openly published?
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Pay rates are described in detail by a ministerial decree that was modified in previous years several times to adapt personal changes including new…
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The criteria for eligibility and calculation methods of the allowances regarding military personnel is published openly [1]. Pay rates are described in detail by…
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Q40
100/100
Do personnel receive the correct pay on time, and is the system of payment well-established, routine, and published?
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No press reports on any delay. All sources confirmed payments are never delayed [1, 2].
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All sources confirmed payments are correct. There were some occasional delay in paying allowance (not monthly payments). Delay was due to technical reason and…
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A payment system is published in the decree [1]; It includes all of the following: – Pay brackets for all ranks, disaggregated by seniority.…
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Q41
50/100
Is there an established, independent, transparent, and objective appointment system for the selection of military personnel at middle and top management level?
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The formal existing process is clearly defined by Ministerial decrees. The legal basis is set by the Act CCV of 2012 on the Legal…
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Beyond hearings of the candidates for high-level positions (such as a minister, chief of general staff or head of the secret services) at the…
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Information is available, the MoD Order on the HR strategy of the Hungarian Army [1] provides information. However, there is little or no information…
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Q42
50/100
Are personnel promoted through an objective, meritocratic process? Such a process would include promotion boards outside of the command chain, strong formal appraisal processes, and independent oversight.
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Promotions do not always follow the formal appraisal processes. Formal procedures do exist, as well as structures (promotion boards, etc.). However, realizing objective criteria…
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There are clear elements of exceptions built into the promotion system. Regarding military personnel, over the rank of colonel, all promotions have to be…
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Postings and promotions are regularly published but without details on either the reason of the given promotion (whether it is a regular promotion related…
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Promotions are only openly declared for OF-6 and above; before promotions happen in a decree issued by the President of Hungary. These decrees are…
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Conscription and Recruitment
Q43
NA/100
Where compulsory conscription occurs, is there a policy of not accepting bribes for avoiding conscription? Are there appropriate procedures in place to deal with such bribery, and are they applied?
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Hungary suspended conscription on 3 November 2004 [1], as such this indicator is scored Not Applicable. Though the de jure possibility of mobilizing the…
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Hungary suspended conscription on 3 November 2004 [1], as such this indicator is scored Not Applicable. Though the de jure possibility of mobilizing the…
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Hungary suspended conscription on 3 November 2004 [1], as such this indicator is scored Not Applicable. Though the de jure possibility of mobilizing the…
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Q44
100/100
is there a policy of refusing bribes to gain preferred postings? Are there appropriate procedures in place to deal with such bribery, and are they applied?
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The Criminal Code in Hungary [1] includes sections that address offering, giving, receiving, and soliciting bribes. It is not a defence specific law but…
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Sanctions include criminal prosecution/incarceration, dismissal, and considerable financial penalties [1]. The Criminal Code regulates in detail, how various cases of bribery are to be…
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When bribery happens, and it is revealed, the criminal law is applicable to military personnel as well. However, there are no known cases where…
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Salary Chain
The Ministry of Defence (MoD) Defence Economy Bureau [1] is a separate agency within the MoD, and it is the responsible body for the…
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Values and Standards
Q46
38/100
Is there a Code of Conduct for all military personnel that includes, but is not limited to, guidance with respect to bribery, gifts and hospitality, conflicts of interest, and post-separation activities? Is there evidence that breaches of the Code of Conduct are effectively addressed?
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A Military Ethics Code does exist [1]. However, its wording is overly general and often too vague, without specificity. Sources point out that this…
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The Ethics Code [1] is not part of military training (except that cadets have a course about officer’s values in general, which includes the…
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Breaches of the Ethics Code [1, 2] are regularly investigated, but not always prosecuted. In some cases, political influence can be pointed seen [3].
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The Ethics Code [1] is not part of military training (except that cadets have a course about officer’s values in general, which includes the…
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Q47
88/100
Is there a Code of Conduct for all civilian personnel that includes, but is not limited to, guidance with respect to bribery, gifts and hospitality, conflicts of interest, and post-separation activities? Is there evidence that breaches of the Code of Conduct are effectively addressed?
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There has been serious development since 2015 when it comes to legislation and code of conduct. The National Anti-Corruption Program was approved in 2015…
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The Code of Conduct is available online together with detailed information on the efforts and updates oof the government programs [1].
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Some cases are investigated, the Integrity Report of the Defence Ministry suggests that so far methods to tackle the issue of corruption are not…
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Special training was launched for the integrity advisers that are present at every ministry, while civil servants have to participate in ethics, integrity and…
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Q48
0/100
Does regular anti-corruption training take place for military and civilian personnel?
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There is no anti-corruption element in the training of military or civilian personnel. No training takes places before deployment on missions [1]. However, on…
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Due to the lack of any anti-corruption training, this indicator is not applicable [1].
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Due to the lack of any anti-corruption training, this indicator is not applicable [1].
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Q49
42/100
Is there a policy to make public outcomes of the prosecution of defence services personnel for corrupt activities, and is there evidence of effective prosecutions in recent years?
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There is no clear policy on making the outcomes of prosecutions available [1]. However, the Ministry used to provide information in high-profile cases if…
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Very limited information is available on the results of military prosecutions. Annual reports consist of some data [1]. However, it is only aggregate information;…
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The Institution of the Prosecutor General is highly politicized and subject of criticism in every report on the rule of law and state of…
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Q50
67/100
Are there effective measures in place to discourage facilitation payments (which are illegal in almost all countries)?
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Facilitation payments are forbidden by the law, and the criminal law defines facilitation payments as a form of bribery which may be sanctioned by…
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Facilitation payments are tolerated in some segments of the public and business, for example, in the health care sector (including the Military Hospital which…
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Facilitation payments in the defence sector are not common. However, it is most widespread in the healthcare system also known as ‘money of gratitude’,…
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