Financial Risk:
Critical
Score:
5/100
Asset Disposals
Q24
8/100
How effective are controls over the disposal of assets, and is information on these disposals, and the proceeds of their sale, transparent?
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As Article 27 of Iraq’s Constitution (1) affirms, state assets that are deemed public property are defined as ‘sacrosanct’, notwithstanding military assets are ineffectively…
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The MoD website has an entire section dedicated to ‘Contracts and Tenders’, but the page is void of information concerning asset disposal (1). While…
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In absence of local coverage of the auction of disused defence goods and fixed assets, the financial proceeds are not readily available online. The…
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Q25
8/100
Is independent and transparent scrutiny of asset disposals conducted by defence establishments, and are the reports of such scrutiny publicly available?
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No single body can be identified as the body tasked with the responsibility of Iraq’s asset disposal practices, but that is not to deny…
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The data sought out by the FBSA and its sister bodies, including the COI, is not always readily available, an obstacle that discernibly undermines…
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Reports that divulge information and details of asset disposal are not available online. Nevertheless, some details are leaked live on television. The widely watched…
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Secret Budgets
Q26
0/100
What percentage of defence and security expenditure in the budget year is dedicated to spending on secret items relating to national security and the intelligence services?
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While the new federal budget for 2018 breaks down major costs and allocations relating to national security, secret items are not included (1), (2).…
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Q27
25/100
Is the legislature (or the appropriate legislative committee or members of the legislature) given full information for the budget year on the spending of all secret items relating to national security and military intelligence?
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A former auditor said in an interview (1) that information relevant to secret defence expenditure items/allocations should be tabulated within the earliest draft of…
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Q28
0/100
Are audit reports of the annual accounts of the security sector (the military and intelligence services) subject to parliamentary debate?
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Resources made available by Iraq’s COI includes a wide range of reports on the financial activities of ministries and criminal proceedings ranging from minor…
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In Article 7 of Iraq’s Financial Management Law, there is a contingency reserve, the sum of which is approved in the annual federal budget…
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Q29
0/100
In law, are off-budget military expenditures permitted, and if so, are they exceptional occurrences that are well-controlled? In practice, are there any off-budget military expenditures? If so, does evidence suggest this involves illicit economic activity?
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In Article 7 of Iraq’s Financial Management Law, there is a contingency reserve, the sum of which is approved in the annual federal budget…
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A government auditor confirmed that off-budget spending is permissible under Iraqi law. Federal budgets from previous years do; however, contain clauses cautioning against extra-budgetary…
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In an interview, an Iraqi lawyer affirms the difficulty of obtaining information that allows this assessment to comment on prevalence (1). He explains that…
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There is no freedom of information legislation in Iraq. While the rule of law and other legislative frameworks guarantee, albeit under vague and loose…
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One interviewee disputes the establishment of rules specific to informational classification, “there is no classification system one can quote when discussing the classification of…
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Under no circumstances are citizens permitted to submit information requests to the MoD or the MoI. This was confirmed to us by a political…
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Q31
13/100
Do national defence and security institutions have beneficial ownership of commercial businesses? If so, how transparent are details of the operations and finances of such businesses?
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Iraq’s former military-industrial complex was dismantled alongside all state security agencies and forces after the US invasion in 2003 (1) [980]. Today, the MoD…
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No publicly available evidence provides insight into mutual ownership of defence business activities. Evidence of contractual agreements between the army and militias could not…
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Military-owned Businesses
Q32
0/100
Are military-owned businesses subject to transparent independent scrutiny at a recognised international standard?
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Evidence of state-owned enterprises is widely available online but no active military-owned businesses. Many of these were dissolved since the former Iraqi regime was…
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Although the military does not own private businesses, financial generating activities (1) of other military institutions such as the PMF Commission and the militias…
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Illegal Private Enterprise
Q33
0/100
Is there evidence of unauthorised private enterprise by military or other defence ministry employees? If so, what is the government’s reaction to such enterprise?
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It is permissible for defence and security institutions to operate private enterprises, they must be officially registered and operate following principles of transparency (1).…
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According to interviewees, there is an unauthorized private enterprise owned by members of militias, who are also members of the armed forces. The government…
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Actual Military Spending
Q77
0/100
Is comprehensive data on actual spending on defence published during the budget year?
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Publications on defence spending are scarce; coverage is infrequent, void of explanation, and generally discussed within bigger debates concerning the Federal Budget; from challenges…
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The vast majority of defence spending is not publicised on any of the government’s official online platforms. In absence of such information, actual MoD…
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Another theme that resonates are future trends in Iraq’s defence procurement (1). As a recovering military power, one paper notes that out of Iraq’s…
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It is not clear to say in absence of published data, please refer to the answers above.
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