Personnel Risk:
High
Score:
49/100
Leadership Behaviour
Q34
25/100
Do the Defence Ministry, Defence Minister, Chiefs of Defence, and Single Service Chiefs publicly commit, through, for example, speeches, media interviews, or political mandates, to anti-corruption and integrity measures?
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The KDF projects itself through its service charter as being guided by well laid out core values that include integrity in adherence to the…
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Messages from the Defence Ministry always lean more towards values and the Code of Conduct as reported in local media. [1] Public messages addressing…
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Occassionally, military unit commanders and leaders make statements on the values and conduct of the armed forces. Such communication happens during special occasions, such…
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Q35
75/100
Are there effective measures in place for personnel found to have taken part in forms of bribery and corruption, and is there evidence that these measures are being carried out?
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The Kenya Defence Forces Act No. 25 of 2012 provides guidelines on the conduct of military personnel, including on cases of corruption. Section 124…
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Cases of corruption involving the Defence sector range from solicitation and receiving of bribes during recruitment exercises, operations as well as the procurement of…
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Q36
42/100
Is whistleblowing encouraged by the government, and are whistle-blowers in military and defence ministries afforded adequate protection from reprisal for reporting evidence of corruption, in both law and practice?
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There no specific existing whistleblowing policy or legislation applicable to the Defence Sector. Defence and Security agencies are guided by various witness protection mechanisms,…
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Whistle blowing in Kenya and specifically in the KDF is weakly encouraged. Whistle blowers are seen as individuals who dare to disrupt the status…
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There is little history about whistle blowing cases within the Kenya Defence Forces. The Defence Ministry including the Cabinet Secretary of Defence rarely address…
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Q37
42/100
Is special attention paid to the selection, time in post, and oversight of personnel in sensitive positions, including officials and personnel in defence procurement, contracting, financial management, and commercial management?
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Appointments, time in post and oversight of top KDF positions are governed by the KDF Act No.25 of 2012. Special attention is paid to…
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There are specific procedures for selecting sensitive state-officer positions (Chief, Vice and three service Commanders of the Defence) that are laid out under the…
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The Defence Council is a constitutional oversight body established under Article 241 (6) of Kenya’s constitution. The council has an oversight role in the…
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Payroll, Promotions, Appointments, Rewards
Q38
0/100
Is the number of civilian and military personnel accurately known and publicly available?
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Information on the number of civilian and military personnel is not publicly available from the Ministry of Defence website or any other govenment platform…
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The Ministry of Defence (MOD) does not make publicly available the number of civilian and military personnel. The numbers currently openly available are from…
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There is not enough information to score this indicator. There is no known information about ghost soldiers in the Kenya Defence Forces. Neither does…
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Q39
38/100
Are pay rates and allowances for civilian and military personnel openly published?
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The renumeration of senior military personnel in the defence sector, Chief and Vice Chief of the Defence Force, as well as three Defence Commanders…
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The allowances of some but not all civilian and military personnel in the defence sector is published in advertisements and openly by the Salaries…
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Q40
50/100
Do personnel receive the correct pay on time, and is the system of payment well-established, routine, and published?
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There is no evidence available to indicate that there are salary delays for civilian and miltary personnel. The Government developed the Government Human Resource…
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There has been at least one instance in the past where the salaries of military personnel were adjusted “quietly”, as reported in local media.…
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Apart from top-level state officers and other senior military and civilian officers, there was no evidence found on the existing pay structure used by…
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Q41
25/100
Is there an established, independent, transparent, and objective appointment system for the selection of military personnel at middle and top management level?
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Section 23 of the Kenya Defence Force Act gives the criteria and process of appointment of top State-Officer positions. The top management level is…
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Middle and top management positions in the military who are state-officers are publicly vetted by parliament in accordance to the Public Appointments (Parliamentary Aprroval)…
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Although the Act has put in place appointment procedures and criteria, appointments to the top and middle level positions within the military especially shortlisting…
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Q42
50/100
Are personnel promoted through an objective, meritocratic process? Such a process would include promotion boards outside of the command chain, strong formal appraisal processes, and independent oversight.
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The main formal process that anchors promotion of members of the Defence Forces is only stated in the Kenya Defence Forces Act states under…
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Decisions on recruitment and appointment of military personnel are made by the Defence Council as stipulated in the Kenya Defence Forces Act, 2012. [1]…
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The appointment and promotion of officers above OF-4 in the Kenya Defence Forces have to come directly from the President. The Defence Council plays…
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At least once every year, the KDF effects certain changes in its ranks. However, there is no evidence of a definite cycle of promotions…
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Conscription and Recruitment
Q43
NA/100
Where compulsory conscription occurs, is there a policy of not accepting bribes for avoiding conscription? Are there appropriate procedures in place to deal with such bribery, and are they applied?
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This indicator is marked ‘Not Applicable’, as at no point has the KDF ever needed to exercise conscription to fill positions. Recruitment is the…
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This indicator is marked ‘Not Applicable’. There is no evidence of compulsory conscription into the Kenya Defence Forces, and there equally is no evidence…
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This indicator is marked ‘Not Applicable’. The KDF provides no information about the enforcement of sanctions for bribery that may occur as officers try…
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Q44
83/100
is there a policy of refusing bribes to gain preferred postings? Are there appropriate procedures in place to deal with such bribery, and are they applied?
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Acts of corruption and canvassing for favours by military personnel are defined as offences in the Kenya Defence Forces Act section 124, [1] which…
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Sanctions for corruption related offences are outlined in the various legislations such as the Bribery Act, No. 47 of 2016, Part V of the…
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Where, and if, cases of corruption in The Kenya Defence Forces (KDF) are prosecuted through court martials records of these prosecution, conviction and sanctions…
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Salary Chain
Fiduciary Management of the Ministry of Defence is separated. The day-to-day management of the ministry is the Cabinet Secretary (CS) under the CS is…
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Values and Standards
Q46
75/100
Is there a Code of Conduct for all military personnel that includes, but is not limited to, guidance with respect to bribery, gifts and hospitality, conflicts of interest, and post-separation activities? Is there evidence that breaches of the Code of Conduct are effectively addressed?
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The Armed Forces Code of Conduct and Ethics is enshrouded in the Public Officer Ethics Act. Specifically, the Armed Forces Code of Conduct addresses…
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The Kenya Defence Forces Act points out the Armed Forces Code of Conduct and Ethics that military officers are expected to follow (section 34(4)(c)).…
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The Kenya Armed Forces has been known to deal harshly with officers found to be in breach of its Code of Conduct. The cases…
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The Armed Forces Code of Conduct and Ethics is a comprehensive publication within the Public Officer Ethics Act. [1] It is part of the…
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Q47
75/100
Is there a Code of Conduct for all civilian personnel that includes, but is not limited to, guidance with respect to bribery, gifts and hospitality, conflicts of interest, and post-separation activities? Is there evidence that breaches of the Code of Conduct are effectively addressed?
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Civilian personnel in the armed forces are covered by the Public Officer Ethics Act, 2009 upon their employment. [1] The Code of Ethics covers…
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The Code of Ethics governing civilian personnel is provided to the personnel upon their employment.The public has access to the Code of Ethics through…
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The Code of Ethics provides for investigation into breaches of the code and possible prosecution through civil and criminal proceedings. [1] Section 35 covers…
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Thre is not enough information to score this indictor, as no details are available on what the induction training civilian personnel involves. However, it…
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Q48
25/100
Does regular anti-corruption training take place for military and civilian personnel?
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There is limited evidence of any specific anti-corruption training that military and civilian personnel of the Kenya Defence Forces (KDF) receive. Past incidences of…
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There is limited evidence of regular anti-corruption training for military and civilian personnel available. There is some evidence of ad hoc past workshops like…
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There is no evidence to suggest coverage of personnel within the military on anti-corruption training. As such, this indicator is marked ‘Not Applicable’.
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Q49
33/100
Is there a policy to make public outcomes of the prosecution of defence services personnel for corrupt activities, and is there evidence of effective prosecutions in recent years?
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According to section 124 (1) of The Kenya Defence Forces Act No.25 of 2012 corruption-related offences are convicted in accordance with Anti-Corruption and Economic…
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Prosecution of military officers is conducted in court martial except for offences triable in civil courts. The processes of court martial are guided by…
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Cases of corruption by military personnel are often prosecuted. However, the fairness of the investigation and prosecution processes is in question. An audit report…
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Q50
50/100
Are there effective measures in place to discourage facilitation payments (which are illegal in almost all countries)?
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Various legal frameworks are already institututed against facilitation of payments in form of gifts, fees, favours etc. These include the Anti-Corruption and Economic Crimes…
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The Kenya Defence Forces often acknowledges corrupt practices and especially relating to bribery during recruitment of military personnel. For instance, in it as claimed…
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The Kenya Defence Forces (KDF) has often indicated that although there are cases of facilitation payments, the majority of the people involved are not…
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