Personnel Risk:
Low
Score:
71/100
Leadership Behaviour
Q34
42/100
Do the Defence Ministry, Defence Minister, Chiefs of Defence, and Single Service Chiefs publicly commit, through, for example, speeches, media interviews, or political mandates, to anti-corruption and integrity measures?
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There have been some speeches and press statements by the army to show their commitment to fighting abuse of power in the military. For…
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In his speech during the the Oath Ceremony of the free-corruption campaign in the Defence Ministry in 2017, the then Defence Minister, Hishamuddin Hussein,…
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The initiative at low-level has only been put in place under the current government. The measures were only really communicated effectively during the previous…
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Q35
88/100
Are there effective measures in place for personnel found to have taken part in forms of bribery and corruption, and is there evidence that these measures are being carried out?
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The Malaysia Anti-Corruption Commission (MACC) Act and the Penal Code outlaw bribery and corruption for all government ministries, including in the defence sector. The…
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The MACC has demonstrated effective enforcement in combating corruption. In January 2019, two navy officers were arrested for falsifying claims on the supply of…
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Q36
58/100
Is whistleblowing encouraged by the government, and are whistle-blowers in military and defence ministries afforded adequate protection from reprisal for reporting evidence of corruption, in both law and practice?
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The Whistleblower Protection Act 2010 [1] outlines protections for whistleblowers to encourage and facilitate corruption reporting in the public and private sector. The Act…
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Whistleblowing is encouraged in anti-corruption and integrity building training sessions and seminars. However, such training sessions are believed to be superficial, as officers interviewed…
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As noted above, officers interviewed do not feel strongly about whistleblowing, as they doubt that whistleblowers are adequately protected, despite the adoption of the…
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Q37
25/100
Is special attention paid to the selection, time in post, and oversight of personnel in sensitive positions, including officials and personnel in defence procurement, contracting, financial management, and commercial management?
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The decision to place an officer in a ministry is under the purview/power of Public Service Department (PSD). There is recognition within the government…
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Selections for any post are based on seniority and experience in the administration. There are no specific requirements that an officer be placed in…
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Appointment and promotion decisions of personnel in sensitive positions in the Ministry are decided by the PSD. There is no internal mechanism to monitor…
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Payroll, Promotions, Appointments, Rewards
Q38
67/100
Is the number of civilian and military personnel accurately known and publicly available?
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The number of civilian personnel is reported (in pages 89 and 139) in the annual Ministry of Defence (MINDEF) report, but the number of…
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The number of civilian personnel is reported in the annual Ministry of Defence report, but the number of military personnel is omitted. These numbers…
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There is no eivdence of the military facing the problem of ghost soldiers in the last five years. [1]
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Q39
100/100
Are pay rates and allowances for civilian and military personnel openly published?
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All civil servants, including defence and military personnel, receive pay rates in line with their respective position or rank based on an internally published…
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The Public Service Department’s (PSD) internal publication of grade-based salaries also includes information on salary and personnel allowances such as for housing or regional…
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Q40
83/100
Do personnel receive the correct pay on time, and is the system of payment well-established, routine, and published?
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Like other government employees, salary payments are made by the end of the month. According to Brigadier General Mohd Azmi bin Mohd Yusoff, no…
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Personnel at the three services receive the correct pay. [1] [2] Further investigation on their websites found no media reports of delayed salary payments…
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Salary structures and allowances are not diretcly open for public consumption; however, when recruitment exercises are lauched, the respective services would provide indicative salary…
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Q41
25/100
Is there an established, independent, transparent, and objective appointment system for the selection of military personnel at middle and top management level?
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Each military service has its own Board of Promotion chaired by the Chief of Service. Promotion is subject to an evaluation by the Services…
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Parliament is not involved in the appointments and selections at the middle and top management level. [1] [2] These are regulated by the Armed…
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The process is not made public. According to the two sources interviewed, promotional circulars are not even issued for the exercise. [1] [2] All…
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Q42
19/100
Are personnel promoted through an objective, meritocratic process? Such a process would include promotion boards outside of the command chain, strong formal appraisal processes, and independent oversight.
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Promotional exercises are very subjective for senior officier, rank Major and above. There are no elements of race and religion involved. The general guidelines…
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The officer refused promotion may be offered another, less important administrative post rather than a command post. But the decision rests solely on the…
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There are no advertisements or circulars on promotional exercises. They are reliant on the discretion of the Head of department. According to Brigadier General…
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There are specific numbers of promotional exercises available to the staff concerned. The promotional exercises are subjected to post vacancies due to compulsory or…
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Conscription and Recruitment
Q43
NA/100
Where compulsory conscription occurs, is there a policy of not accepting bribes for avoiding conscription? Are there appropriate procedures in place to deal with such bribery, and are they applied?
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National Service (NS) was initially compulsory when it was introduced in December 2003. However, it was halted in 2015 and the programme was revamped…
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National Service (NS) was initially compulsory when it was introduced in December 2003. However, it was halted in 2015 and the programme was revamped…
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National Service (NS) was initially compulsry when it was introduced in December 2003. However, it was halted in 2015 and the programme was revamped…
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Q44
100/100
is there a policy of refusing bribes to gain preferred postings? Are there appropriate procedures in place to deal with such bribery, and are they applied?
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There is a no-gift policy for all ministries in Malaysia. The directives are contained in the Service Circular Number 3 (1998) forbidding public officers…
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Sanctions are contained in Act 694: Malaysian Anti-Corruption Act 2009. Under the law, corruption is defined as “the act of giving or receiving any…
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Officers who are found to be involved in bribery cases can be prosecuted under the Soliciting/Receiving Gratification (Bribe) legislation (section 16 & 17(a) MACC…
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Salary Chain
Payments for procurements are controlled by the Finance Division of the Ministry of Defense. At the same time, there is a separate corps in…
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Values and Standards
Q46
81/100
Is there a Code of Conduct for all military personnel that includes, but is not limited to, guidance with respect to bribery, gifts and hospitality, conflicts of interest, and post-separation activities? Is there evidence that breaches of the Code of Conduct are effectively addressed?
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All public officials, including military personnel, are bound by the Public Officers (Conduct and Discipline) Regulation 1993 [1] and the Armed Forces Act 1972…
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The Public Officers (Conduct and Discipline) Regulation 1993, [1] the Armed Forces Act 1972 [2] and the MACC Act [3] are available for public…
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The MACC has proactively investigated reports of corruption in numerous cases such as the falsification of claims by naval officers in two separate cases.…
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All military personnel are sworn to respect the Public Officers (Conduct and Discipline) Regulation and the Armed Forces Act by signature. All civil servants…
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Q47
88/100
Is there a Code of Conduct for all civilian personnel that includes, but is not limited to, guidance with respect to bribery, gifts and hospitality, conflicts of interest, and post-separation activities? Is there evidence that breaches of the Code of Conduct are effectively addressed?
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All public officials are bound to the Public Officers (Conduct and Discipline) Regulation 1993 [1] which outlines bribery, gifts and hospitality, and conflicts of…
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The Public Officers (Conduct and Discipline) Regulation 1993 [1] and the MACC Act [2] are available for public access on official government websites. Civilian…
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The MACC has proactively investigated reports of corruption in numerous cases. [1] [2] [3] The Integrity Unit also monitors cases relating to misconduct and…
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All personnel are sworn to respect the Public Officers (Conduct and Discipline) Regulation by signature. All civil servants, including civilian personnel, are mandated to…
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Q48
83/100
Does regular anti-corruption training take place for military and civilian personnel?
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The Armed Forces Integrity Plan is a comprehensive plan that stresses organisational values and standards, the impact of the military, identification and reporting of…
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Although anti-corruption and integrity building programmes were reduced in 2018 compared to 2017 due to budget constraints, training continues to take place regularly for…
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There is anti-corruption training for all levels of personnel through the various anti-corruption and integrity building programmes as mentioned above. [1] [2] [3] [4]
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Q49
100/100
Is there a policy to make public outcomes of the prosecution of defence services personnel for corrupt activities, and is there evidence of effective prosecutions in recent years?
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The Malaysia Anti-Corruption Commission (MACC) established a ‘name and shame’ corruption offender list on the agency’s official website which provides pictures and names as…
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Reports and information on prosecutions of defence services personnel for corrupt activities can be obtained through mainstream media. Expansive details of the investigations and…
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Reflective of the new government’s vow to eradicate corruption, numerous efforts to investigate suspicious activities can be noted. [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] Investigations…
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Q50
83/100
Are there effective measures in place to discourage facilitation payments (which are illegal in almost all countries)?
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Section 8 of the Public Officers (Conduct and Discipline) Regulation 1993 and Section 21 of the MACC Act clearly prohibit facilitation payments in the…
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As a move to enhance oversight, each ministry has established an Integrity Unit, headed by an official from the Malaysia Anti-Corruption Commission (MACC), to…
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The arrests of the senior military official for accepting bribes and defence officials in the land swap deals are examples that facilitation payments do…
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