Procurement Risk:
Very High
Score:
20/100
57
0/100
Does the country have legislation covering defence and security procurement with clauses specific to corruption risks, and are any items exempt from these laws?
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This indicator is not assigned a score in the GDI. There is a Code of Public Procurement and Public Service Delegations, but this legislation…
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The country has legislation on public sector procurement in general, but contracts of the defence and security sector are excluded from its scope so…
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Exceptions have become almost the rule in recent years, given that most spending in the security and defence sector is carried out in a…
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58
25/100
Is the defence procurement cycle process, from assessment of needs, through contract implementation and sign-off, all the way to asset disposal, disclosed to the public?
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The process is formalised in such a way that makes it escape certain possibilities of control, which is likely to encourage the risks of…
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Part of the procurement cycle in the defence sector appears in the annual procurement plans with expressed needs and forecast amounts.[1] However, the fate…
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The process is governed by a range of procedures[1] and texts.[2] The different stages are governed by legislation and must comply with rules that…
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59
8/100
Are defence procurement oversight mechanisms in place and are these oversight mechanisms active and transparent?
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There are institutions responsible for procurement oversight but it is unclear if they can do so in the defence sector. According to Article 117…
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Since most defence sector contracts are removed from public procurement law since 2023, there is no evidence that scrutiny mechanisms are in place. However,…
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The various reports of the control bodies do not mention the conduct of a supervision or control mission of the defence and security sector…
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In the past, there was a military orientation and programming law that planned purchases and budgetary appropriations for the Ministry of Defence and Veterans.[1]…
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There may be some information concerning prospective purchasing plans, but they only cover the upcoming year or less, or they are so lacking in…
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For confidentiality reasons, contracts for works, equipment and services are excluded from the scope of the public procurement code and are subject to a…
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Data is rarely disclosed due to the exclusion of almost all defence markets from the public procurement code and transparency requirements.[1] However, some information…
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62
38/100
What procedures and standards are companies required to have – such as compliance programmes and business conduct programmes – in order to be able to bid for work for the Ministry of Defence or armed forces?
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There are laws and procedures that specify how the government makes distinctions in its selection of suppliers and subcontractors. Anti-corruption standards are included in…
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There are policies and legislation but it seems that they do not always apply in the defence and security sector due to reasons of…
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63
8/100
Are procurement requirements derived from a national defence and security strategy, and are procurement decisions well-audited? Are defence purchases based on clearly identified and quantified requirements?
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The fact that procurement in the defence and security sector is largely opaque due to restrictions[1] makes it almost impossible to determine whether procurement…
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In theory, the Constitution[1], the transition charter, and various legal texts authorise parliament (the CNT in this case) and certain control and prosecution bodies…
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From 2015 to 2019, defence procurement was based on clear and identified requirements but no document has been published since.[1] When purchases are disclosed…
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64
13/100
Is defence procurement generally conducted as open competition or is there a significant element of single-sourcing (that is, without competition)?
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The decree of May 3, 2023 imposes a restrictive character to the procurement process of the defence and security sector.[1] Competition is therefore restricted…
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The National Directorate of Public Procurement and the Regulatory Authority for Public Procurement and Service Delegations no longer appear to have full authority over…
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65
25/100
Are tender boards subject to regulations and codes of conduct and are their decisions subject to independent audit to ensure due process and fairness?
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Military and civilian procurement officers are all subject to restrictions on professional activity under the law. This is a general ban imposed on these…
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The legislation requires the documentation of the supplier selection procedure and the definition of specifications for calls for tender.[1][2] This documentation process provides information…
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The legislation requires tendering commissions to be fully transparent in the conduct of the process.[1] The lack of visibility on the process in the…
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No control or audit report has been made public for the period 2020-2024, and the annual reports or mission reports of the various audit…
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66
75/100
Does the country have legislation in place to discourage and punish collusion between bidders for defence and security contracts?
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The penal code, which applies to everyone, even military personnel, prohibits any form of collusion.[1] Similarly, the public procurement and service delegation code prohibits…
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Collusion, according to the legislation, goes in the direction of relations between bidders and civil servants. The sanctions in the event of a proven…
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Suspected or proven cases of collusion in the defence sector may be prosecuted. This was the case in 2022 in the context of suspicions…
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The training or professional orientation of purchasing managers, even when it comes to military personnel, in principle means that they have knowledge or are…
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67
50/100
Are there mechanisms and procedures that ensure that contractors meet their obligations on reporting and delivery?
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The Public Procurement Code constitutes the reference document and clearly indicates the procedures to be followed in the context of the evaluation and drafting…
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Audit and control missions, through the publication of their reports, make public cases of contractual failures and changes after the award of contracts that…
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According to the legislation, civil servants are required to regularly carry out contractual monitoring and write reports.[1] This qualitative monitoring is carried out by…
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There is not enough evidence to score this indicator. Because the procedure in the defence sector are not necessarily made public, and detailed information…
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68
50/100
Are there mechanisms in place to allow companies to complain about perceived malpractice in procurement, and are companies protected from discrimination when they use these mechanisms?
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The legislation provides companies with the possibility of complaining about perceived malpractices in procurement at several levels. In the case of the defence sector,…
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The complaints mechanisms available to businesses are occasionally used, although they can be slow for informal recourse or non-jurisdictional settlement[1] and costly for judicial…
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Companies are mostly trying to make a good impression and rarely complain unless they are blatantly excluded from the process for reasons that go…
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The Directorate General for Public Procurement and Service Delegations, the regulatory authority of the same sector, the control bodies, and the justice system may…
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Sometimes, cases are investigated or prosecuted through official processes and sanctions may be applied to punish corrupt activities of suppliers and/or suppliers who do…
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Military officers and economic operators have been arrested and placed under arrest warrant in connection with military equipment affairs.[1][2][3] These cases illustrate how violations…
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70
0/100
When negotiating offset contracts, does the government specifically address corruption risk by imposing anti-corruption due diligence on contractors and third parties?
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There are no formal policies and procedures related to offset contracts.[1]
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There are no formal policies and procedures related to offset contracts.[1]
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There are no formal policies and procedures related to offset contracts.[1]
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There are no formal policies and procedures related to offset contracts.[1]
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There are no formal policies and procedures related to offset contracts.[1]
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73
NEI/100
How strongly does the government control the company’s use of agents and intermediaries in the procurement cycle?
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74
0/100
Are the principal aspects of the financing package surrounding major arms deals, (such as payment timelines, interest rates, commercial loans or export credit agreements) made publicly available prior to the signing of contracts?
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The overall package of amounts allocated to the defence and security sector is included in the finance law,[1] it is also possible to find…
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75
NS/100
How common is it for defence acquisition decisions to be based on political influence by selling nations?
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This indicator is not assigned a score in the GDI. Since 2021, all acquisitions have been made influenced by the political interests of countries…
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This indicator is not assigned a score in the GDI. The Government is in fact invoking clear and justifiable military needs, in particular considerations…
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This indicator is not assigned a score in the GDI. Part of the military and political elite in power since 2020 is exerting pressure…
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0
NA/100
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Government Policy
Q57
NA/100
Does the country have legislation covering defence and security procurement with clauses specific to corruption risks, and are any items exempt from these laws?
View Question
Q58
NA/100
Is the defence procurement cycle process, from assessment of needs, through contract implementation and sign-off, all the way to asset disposal, disclosed to the public?
View Question
Q59
NA/100
Are defence procurement oversight mechanisms in place and are these oversight mechanisms active and transparent?
View QuestionCapability Gap and Requirements Definition
Q62
NA/100
What procedures and standards are companies required to have – such as compliance programmes and business conduct programmes – in order to be able to bid for work for the Ministry of Defence or armed forces?
View Question
Q63
NA/100
Are procurement requirements derived from a national defence and security strategy, and are procurement decisions well-audited? Are defence purchases based on clearly identified and quantified requirements?
View QuestionTender Solicitation, Assessment and Contract Award
Q64
NA/100
Is defence procurement generally conducted as open competition or is there a significant element of single-sourcing (that is, without competition)?
View Question
Q65
NA/100
Are tender boards subject to regulations and codes of conduct and are their decisions subject to independent audit to ensure due process and fairness?
View Question
Q66
NA/100
Does the country have legislation in place to discourage and punish collusion between bidders for defence and security contracts?
View QuestionContract Delivery and In-Service Support
Q67
NA/100
Are there mechanisms and procedures that ensure that contractors meet their obligations on reporting and delivery?
View Question
Q68
NA/100
Are there mechanisms in place to allow companies to complain about perceived malpractice in procurement, and are companies protected from discrimination when they use these mechanisms?
View QuestionOffset Contracts
Q70
NA/100
When negotiating offset contracts, does the government specifically address corruption risk by imposing anti-corruption due diligence on contractors and third parties?
View QuestionAgents / Brokers
Q73
NA/100
How strongly does the government control the company’s use of agents and intermediaries in the procurement cycle?
View QuestionFinancing Package
Q74
NA/100
Are the principal aspects of the financing package surrounding major arms deals, (such as payment timelines, interest rates, commercial loans or export credit agreements) made publicly available prior to the signing of contracts?
View QuestionSeller Influence
Q75
NA/100