Personnel Risk:
Moderate
Score:
50/100
34
50/100
Do the Defence Ministry, Defence Minister, Chiefs of Defence, and Single Service Chiefs publicly commit, through, for example, speeches, media interviews, or political mandates, to anti-corruption and integrity measures?
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There is some evidence of internal commitment to anti-corruption within Nigeria’s defence institutions, primarily through public pronouncements by top officials of the Ministry of…
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There is some evidence that senior officials in Nigeria’s defence sector have publicly declared their commitment to tackling corruption. For instance, in December 2023,…
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There is evidence that some unit commanders across Nigeria have publicly warned their personnel against corruption and unprofessional conduct. For example, in July 2024,…
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35
88/100
Are there effective measures in place for personnel found to have taken part in forms of bribery and corruption, and is there evidence that these measures are being carried out?
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There are a range of clearly defined offences regarding bribery and corruption in extant law in Nigeria that apply to the defence sector. The…
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Some instance of corruption involving personnel have in the past been investigated and prosecuted, leading to conviction either by a military court- martial or…
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36
17/100
Is whistleblowing encouraged by the government, and are whistle-blowers in military and defence ministries afforded adequate protection from reprisal for reporting evidence of corruption, in both law and practice?
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The Federal Executive Council in 2016 approved a whistleblowing policy initially developed by the Federal Ministry of Finance [1]. The policy was meant to…
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Despite the fact that the Federal Executive has an approved whistleblowing policy meant to facilitate exposure of acts of fraud, bribery, financial misconduct and…
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Although a Whistleblowing policy has been approved aiming at facilitating exposure of acts of fraud, bribery, or financial misconduct, the effectiveness of the policy…
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37
0/100
Is special attention paid to the selection, time in post, and oversight of personnel in sensitive positions, including officials and personnel in defence procurement, contracting, financial management, and commercial management?
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There are no publicly available information indicating that special attention is given to both the selection and oversight of personnel in sensitive positions such…
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No evidence shows that special attention is paid to personnel in high-risk positions. Therefore, this indicator is marked Not Applicable.
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No evidence shows that special attention is paid to personnel in high-risk positions. Therefore, this indicator is marked Not Applicable.
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38
0/100
Is the number of civilian and military personnel accurately known and publicly available?
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The number of civilian and military personnel in Nigeria is not accurately known or officially collected. The total armed forces personnel in Nigeria were…
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Despite the introduction of the Nigerian Army Biometrics Enrolment Exercise (NABEE) in 2009, and the subsequent incorporation of the military into the IPPIS [1],…
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In the past, the phenomenon of ghost soldiers was reported in the Nigerian military, especially during the height of Boko Haram insurgency (between 2012-2015).…
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39
25/100
Are pay rates and allowances for civilian and military personnel openly published?
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Although the Consolidated Armed Forces Salary Structure (CONAFSS) was made public in previous years, it is not regularly updated, or easily accessible to the…
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There are different types of allowances paid to both military and civilian personnel in the ministry of defence depending on cadre, posting and deployment.…
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40
50/100
Do personnel receive the correct pay on time, and is the system of payment well-established, routine, and published?
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Given the increasing funding of the military due to its rising roles in fighting against insecurity in the country, payment of salaries and other…
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Since the integration of the military into the IPPIS, the salaries of military personnel are paid regularly. However, there has been few instances of…
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The enrolment of the Nigerian military into the IPPIS has, to a large extent, sanitised the payroll administration of the Ministry of defence [1].…
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41
25/100
Is there an established, independent, transparent, and objective appointment system for the selection of military personnel at middle and top management level?
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The 1999 Constitution (as amended) Section 218 and Section 18 (1) of the Armed Forces Act (2004) empowers the President to appoint all heads…
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Given the powers vested on the National Assembly to legislate on defence matters in the country, the legislature establishes committees to carry its oversight…
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Given that the appointment of service chiefs is the prerogative of the President, considerations that informed the selection of the final candidate is usually…
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42
56/100
Are personnel promoted through an objective, meritocratic process? Such a process would include promotion boards outside of the command chain, strong formal appraisal processes, and independent oversight.
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The Nigerian military operates a promotion board mechanism to determine personnel’s eligibility for advancement to the next rank. The board is made up of…
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In certain circumstances, especially as regards the display and achievement of extraordinary feats in the course of an assignment, may warrant consideration for promotion…
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Name, rank, new post and effective date are publicly declared at least one month ahead, but not for all officers above OF-4. Quite detailed…
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Details of promotion, postings and redeployment in the Nigerian military are made at least annually [1,2,3]. The promotion of officers to higher ranks and…
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43
NA/100
Where compulsory conscription occurs, is there a policy of not accepting bribes for avoiding conscription? Are there appropriate procedures in place to deal with such bribery, and are they applied?
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There is no known conscription policy in the Nigerian military [1]. As a result, this indicator is marked as Not Applicable.
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There is no known conscription policy in the Nigerian military [1]. As a result, this indicator is marked as Not Applicable.
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There is no known conscription policy in the Nigerian military [1]. As a result, this indicator is marked as Not Applicable.
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44
92/100
is there a policy of refusing bribes to gain preferred postings? Are there appropriate procedures in place to deal with such bribery, and are they applied?
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Nigeria has a comprehensive legal framework prohibiting bribery and corruption. The Constitution (Fifth Schedule, Part I) [1] and Code of Conduct Bureau and Tribunal…
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Nigeria’s legal and institutional framework provides for sanctions against bribery, including bribery aimed at influencing postings or appointments in the armed forces. The Criminal…
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The Nigerian military has a mechanism for investigating and sanctioning offences such as misconduct, theft, and corruption, among others. Notably, persons accused of such…
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In Nigeria, chains of command are generally separated from chains of payment. While all military personnel are under the chain of command flowing from…
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46
69/100
Is there a Code of Conduct for all military personnel that includes, but is not limited to, guidance with respect to bribery, gifts and hospitality, conflicts of interest, and post-separation activities? Is there evidence that breaches of the Code of Conduct are effectively addressed?
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The General Code of Conduct in the Fifth Schedule of the 1999 Constitution applies to all Public Officers, including the military. It prohibits accepting…
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The Code of Conduct is made available to all military personnel given the emphasis on maintaining professionalism and discipline. Reference to the code of…
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There is evidence revealing that cases of breaches of code of conduct among military personnel are regularly investigated and punishment enforced in accordance with…
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Training is a huge part of military profession and the Nigerian military go through rigorous training, which integrates both military, academic and policy contents…
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47
56/100
Is there a Code of Conduct for all civilian personnel that includes, but is not limited to, guidance with respect to bribery, gifts and hospitality, conflicts of interest, and post-separation activities? Is there evidence that breaches of the Code of Conduct are effectively addressed?
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The General Code of Conduct of the Fifth Schedule of the 1999 Constitution applies to all public officer, including military personnel [1]. It prohibits…
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The Code of Conduct is readily available on the Code of Conduct Bureau’s website [1]. In a bid to ensure that all public officers…
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Breaches of the code of conduct are only occasionally investigated [1]. It is pertinent to note that a unit in the Nigerian Army is…
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Sensitisation workshops are occasionally organised for the civilian personnel by the SERVICOM unit or the ACTU [1]. However, efforts are in place to provide…
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48
67/100
Does regular anti-corruption training take place for military and civilian personnel?
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There are efforts to provide regular anti-corruption training for both military and civilian personnel in Nigeria. Various anti-corruption agencies, such as the Independent Corrupt…
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Anti-corruption trainings are given to officials at certain levels, although it is not on a regular basis. While there are efforts to provide regular…
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Although there is no detailed information to indicate the category of personnel that are given this specific training, available information suggests that training is…
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49
42/100
Is there a policy to make public outcomes of the prosecution of defence services personnel for corrupt activities, and is there evidence of effective prosecutions in recent years?
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There is no formal policy that requires or mandates the ministry of defence to make prosecution outcomes of anti-corruption agencies or trial have public…
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The results of prosecution are made publicly available, but there is little or no access to information on the charges or the hearing, or…
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In recent years, cases are investigated or prosecuted through formal processes, but there may be cases where undue political influence is attempted and sometimes…
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50
67/100
Are there effective measures in place to discourage facilitation payments (which are illegal in almost all countries)?
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There are laws prohibiting public officers from taking bribes in Nigeria, including the Criminal Code, the Fifth Schedule, Part 1 of the Nigerian Constitution…
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It is important to note that the ICPC and EFCC have been actively working to strengthen their investigative and prosecutorial capacities. They have undertaken…
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Accepting or giving gifts as well as facilitation payments are illegal in Nigeria, and individuals can be penalised with up to 7 years’ imprisonment.…
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0
NA/100
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Leadership Behaviour
Q34
NA/100
Do the Defence Ministry, Defence Minister, Chiefs of Defence, and Single Service Chiefs publicly commit, through, for example, speeches, media interviews, or political mandates, to anti-corruption and integrity measures?
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Q35
NA/100
Are there effective measures in place for personnel found to have taken part in forms of bribery and corruption, and is there evidence that these measures are being carried out?
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Q36
NA/100
Is whistleblowing encouraged by the government, and are whistle-blowers in military and defence ministries afforded adequate protection from reprisal for reporting evidence of corruption, in both law and practice?
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Q37
NA/100
Is special attention paid to the selection, time in post, and oversight of personnel in sensitive positions, including officials and personnel in defence procurement, contracting, financial management, and commercial management?
View QuestionPayroll, Promotions, Appointments, Rewards
Q38
NA/100
Is the number of civilian and military personnel accurately known and publicly available?
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Q39
NA/100
Are pay rates and allowances for civilian and military personnel openly published?
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Q40
NA/100
Do personnel receive the correct pay on time, and is the system of payment well-established, routine, and published?
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Q41
NA/100
Is there an established, independent, transparent, and objective appointment system for the selection of military personnel at middle and top management level?
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Q42
NA/100
Are personnel promoted through an objective, meritocratic process? Such a process would include promotion boards outside of the command chain, strong formal appraisal processes, and independent oversight.
View QuestionConscription and Recruitment
Q43
NA/100
Where compulsory conscription occurs, is there a policy of not accepting bribes for avoiding conscription? Are there appropriate procedures in place to deal with such bribery, and are they applied?
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Q44
NA/100
is there a policy of refusing bribes to gain preferred postings? Are there appropriate procedures in place to deal with such bribery, and are they applied?
View QuestionSalary Chain
Values and Standards
Q46
NA/100
Is there a Code of Conduct for all military personnel that includes, but is not limited to, guidance with respect to bribery, gifts and hospitality, conflicts of interest, and post-separation activities? Is there evidence that breaches of the Code of Conduct are effectively addressed?
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Q47
NA/100
Is there a Code of Conduct for all civilian personnel that includes, but is not limited to, guidance with respect to bribery, gifts and hospitality, conflicts of interest, and post-separation activities? Is there evidence that breaches of the Code of Conduct are effectively addressed?
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Q48
NA/100
Does regular anti-corruption training take place for military and civilian personnel?
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Q49
NA/100
Is there a policy to make public outcomes of the prosecution of defence services personnel for corrupt activities, and is there evidence of effective prosecutions in recent years?
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Q50
NA/100