Personnel Risk:
High
Score:
40/100
Leadership Behaviour
Q34
42/100
Do the Defence Ministry, Defence Minister, Chiefs of Defence, and Single Service Chiefs publicly commit, through, for example, speeches, media interviews, or political mandates, to anti-corruption and integrity measures?
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It is very rare that internal communications within the national forces or the security agencies, about integrity and corruption practices happens. The heads of…
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As a significant number of senior commanders are politically engaged or are indeed members of the executive branch, sometimes they issue statements during interviews…
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There are few statements of commitment by senior commanders on anti-corruption measures. These rare statements, when made, may come from commanders who have a…
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Q35
75/100
Are there effective measures in place for personnel found to have taken part in forms of bribery and corruption, and is there evidence that these measures are being carried out?
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The Military Employment Law prohibits illegal practices. However, it does not mention “Bribery and corruption”. Chapter 7, Art. 88, 89, 90, 91,92, and 93…
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There are many instances of corruption found within the national forces, as well as the PA in general, such as recruitment and promotions, but…
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Q36
8/100
Is whistleblowing encouraged by the government, and are whistle-blowers in military and defence ministries afforded adequate protection from reprisal for reporting evidence of corruption, in both law and practice?
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There is general legislation on whistleblowing and reporting corruption (1). This legislation does not specify, practically, procedures on claims and investigation of corruption. It…
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Whistleblowing is not encouraged by the government. There are a few measures taken to encourage and provide information for armed forces (1). A unit…
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There is little trust among officials and personnel that they would be provided adequate protection if they reported corrupt activity (1). There have been…
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Q37
0/100
Is special attention paid to the selection, time in post, and oversight of personnel in sensitive positions, including officials and personnel in defence procurement, contracting, financial management, and commercial management?
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There is no recognition that certain positions may be more open to corruption opportunities than others (1). Corruption in appointing personnel in sensitive positions…
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As noted in 37A, there is no recognition that certain positions may be more open to corruption than others. In this regard, this indicator…
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As noted in 37A, there is no recognition that certain positions may be more open to corruption than others. In this regard, this indicator…
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Payroll, Promotions, Appointments, Rewards
Q38
58/100
Is the number of civilian and military personnel accurately known and publicly available?
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The number of civilian and military personnel is updated every few years, and therefore, the numbers are not accurate. However, the number could be…
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Aggregated or summarised information on the number of civilian and military personnel is made available publicly by the MoF, and the prime minister’s office…
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Following the 2005 institutionalization of bank-accounts for every soldier and employee within the PA, issues with ghost soldiers have disappeared (1), (2), (3).
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Q39
100/100
Are pay rates and allowances for civilian and military personnel openly published?
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Q40
50/100
Do personnel receive the correct pay on time, and is the system of payment well-established, routine, and published?
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There are occasional instances of late payment delays (5- 10 days) (1). There are no instances of late payments of more than one or…
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Basic pay may occasionally be subject to discretionary adjustments based on the general budget and availability of external funds. In some months, PA employees…
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The 2005 law includes a clear salary scale and employees receive salary slips, although there are exceptions (1). The PA does not publish their…
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Q41
8/100
Is there an established, independent, transparent, and objective appointment system for the selection of military personnel at middle and top management level?
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Appointments for military personnel take place based on connections and loyalty to the executive (1). They may happen routinely or by a presidential or…
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There is no external scrutiny of the appointments of military personnel at middle and top management (1). The senior executive (president) is the one…
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The appointment process is not transparent, and nothing is known about it at all, even though there is a clear mechanism of appointments and…
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Q42
31/100
Are personnel promoted through an objective, meritocratic process? Such a process would include promotion boards outside of the command chain, strong formal appraisal processes, and independent oversight.
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There are formal written processes and procedure for promotions. However, this process is undermined by the influence of the executive or through politically-driven motivations.…
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The Law on Security Personnel provides mechanisms for granting special promotions to members of the security forces (1). However, these rules are not regularly…
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Information is sporadically available in newspapers and websites (1). Two years ago, there was the official journal where annual promotions were published. However, since…
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Information is sporadically available in newspapers and websites (1). Two years ago, there was the official journal where annual promotions were published. However, since…
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Conscription and Recruitment
Q43
NA/100
Where compulsory conscription occurs, is there a policy of not accepting bribes for avoiding conscription? Are there appropriate procedures in place to deal with such bribery, and are they applied?
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This indicator has been marked Not Applicable, because there is no compulsory conscription in Palestine (1), (2).
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This indicator has been marked Not Applicable, because there is no compulsory conscription in Palestine. It was never introduced in the past, and therefore,…
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This indicator has been marked Not Applicable, because there is no compulsory conscription in Palestine (1), (2).
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Q44
50/100
is there a policy of refusing bribes to gain preferred postings? Are there appropriate procedures in place to deal with such bribery, and are they applied?
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Bribery and corruption are defined as offences in the general law of the ACC (3). However, the law does not provide definitions, particularly on…
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According to the Military Service Law (Chapter 8, Articles 94-99), sanctions include criminal prosecution, incarceration, dismissal, and considerable financial penalties exist and may apply…
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There are no known cases of military personnel who were prosecuted or punished because of their engagement with corruption cases or bribery (1). If…
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Salary Chain
IGenerally, the chain of command is separated from the chain of payments (2). However, the commanders influence the chain of payments within their units,…
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Values and Standards
Q46
38/100
Is there a Code of Conduct for all military personnel that includes, but is not limited to, guidance with respect to bribery, gifts and hospitality, conflicts of interest, and post-separation activities? Is there evidence that breaches of the Code of Conduct are effectively addressed?
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There is a Code of Conduct. However, its guidance is inadequate and lacks clarity. The Code of Conduct is published by military intelligence, which…
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The code of conduct may not be readily available to all military personnel, despite being available publicly on the military intelligence’s website (1). Guidance…
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Breaches of the Code of Conduct are investigated either by the respective units or by military intelligence members. However, these investigations are usually superficial…
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In some cases, some guidance is provided during military rehabilitation courses, which is rare, happening every four years for officers (1).
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Q47
38/100
Is there a Code of Conduct for all civilian personnel that includes, but is not limited to, guidance with respect to bribery, gifts and hospitality, conflicts of interest, and post-separation activities? Is there evidence that breaches of the Code of Conduct are effectively addressed?
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There is a Code of Conduct for all civilian personnel, which covers the majority of aspects related to corruption and bribery, “activities that undermine…
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The Code of Conduct is available online on almost all agencies and ministries websites. Some agencies print it out and distribute it to their…
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There are many breaches by employees (1). Violations of the Code of Conduct are rarely investigated. Violating the Code of Conduct happens often because…
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There is no evidence that training is provided to civilian personnel on the code of conduct.
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Q48
33/100
Does regular anti-corruption training take place for military and civilian personnel?
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There is anti-corruption training that addresses the connection between corruption and some of the mentioned topics but not all the following topics: organizational values…
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Anti-corruption training is done an ad hoc manner and only provided by donors or external organizations, funded by foreign donors (1), (2). For example,…
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Coverage of anti-corruption training is discretionary and sporadic, and the vast majority of the employees never receive training. Nevertheless, the 2017 ACC report (1)…
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Q49
8/100
Is there a policy to make public outcomes of the prosecution of defence services personnel for corrupt activities, and is there evidence of effective prosecutions in recent years?
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Court proceedings and referrals to military prosecutions are not made public because there are no government procedures or legal provisions to support the publication…
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Court proceedings and referrals to the military prosecution are not made public because there are no government procedures or legal provisions to support the…
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Investigations or prosecutions are rare and usually superficial, even in the face of clear evidence (1), (2). There have been many cases of corruption…
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Q50
50/100
Are there effective measures in place to discourage facilitation payments (which are illegal in almost all countries)?
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Facilitation payments are strictly illegal in both civilian and military service laws. It is considered bribery and not a facilitation payment (1).
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There has not been a case where an investigation or prosecution was conducted, even in the face of strong evidence of facilitation payments (1).…
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Facilitation payments may happen (1), (2), but it is not a widespread practice. According to the ACC report, there have been some cases of…
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