Personnel Risk:
Low
Score:
81/100
Leadership Behaviour
Q34
100/100
Do the Defence Ministry, Defence Minister, Chiefs of Defence, and Single Service Chiefs publicly commit, through, for example, speeches, media interviews, or political mandates, to anti-corruption and integrity measures?
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Besides being enshrined in policy by the Corrupt Practices Investigation Bureau (CPIB), the Ministry of Defence (MINDEF), and other government agencies [1, 2] civilian…
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Apart from interviews and public statements by top leaders [1, 2] Singapore’s public sector attributes a lot of emphasis to integrity (which forms part…
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Commitment to practice good fiscal governance in procurement and uphold honesty and integrity within the uniformed services has been reiterated consistently by top MINDEF…
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Q35
100/100
Are there effective measures in place for personnel found to have taken part in forms of bribery and corruption, and is there evidence that these measures are being carried out?
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Bribery, corruption, and other forms of misconduct involving Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) and Ministry of Defence (MINDEF) personnel can be charged under various sections…
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There are clearly defined formal processes in which cases are investigated or prosecuted [1, 2]. There is no evidence to suggest that political influence…
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Q36
67/100
Is whistleblowing encouraged by the government, and are whistle-blowers in military and defence ministries afforded adequate protection from reprisal for reporting evidence of corruption, in both law and practice?
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There is no universal whistle-blower protection legislation in Singapore, although whistle-blowers of certain offences are protected under specific legislation [1, 2]. For example, Section…
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There is an explicit assurance by the -MINDEF that personnel are assured of confidentiality when they raise concerns on serious issues, and that the…
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There is no known open source survey on whistle-blowing confidence on the Singapore defence community, and the assessor was unable to secure interviews with…
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Q37
75/100
Is special attention paid to the selection, time in post, and oversight of personnel in sensitive positions, including officials and personnel in defence procurement, contracting, financial management, and commercial management?
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There is evidence that special attention is given to the selection and performance of high-ranking personnel and/or individuals in sensitive positions with at least…
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The Ministry of Defence (MINDEF) and the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) maintains a policy of job rotation as part of its anti-corruption processes [1],…
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There is evidence by independent analysts that appointments are carefully scrutinised and approved by panels of top officials and human resource specialists to ensure…
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Payroll, Promotions, Appointments, Rewards
Q38
33/100
Is the number of civilian and military personnel accurately known and publicly available?
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The number of permanent civilian and military personnel is not public although some insights can be gained from parliamentary debates [1] and large-scale activities…
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Information on the number of civilian and military personnel is not released to the public by the MINDEF, although the annual government budget published…
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There is no evidence of concern about ghost soldiers within the past five years. Regular and extensive audits of military units suggest that personnel…
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Q39
25/100
Are pay rates and allowances for civilian and military personnel openly published?
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Information on the pay rates and allowances of military personnel is publicly available for junior and middle-ranking officers for the purposes of recruitment. Information…
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Detailed information on military and civilian personnel allowances have not been made public They are buried within ‘Operating Expenditure’ alongside core activities such as…
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Q40
83/100
Do personnel receive the correct pay on time, and is the system of payment well-established, routine, and published?
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The Ministry of Defence (MINDEF) and the Singapore Armed Forces’ (SAF) payroll matters are handled by the Defence Management Group [1, 2]. There is…
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There is no evidence to suggest that there have been pay disputes on a system-wide level. The MINDEF has in place recovery procedures for…
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Information on the pay rates and allowances of military personnel is publicly available for junior-middle rank officers for the purposes of recruitment. Information for…
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Q41
50/100
Is there an established, independent, transparent, and objective appointment system for the selection of military personnel at middle and top management level?
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There is a formal and mature system of appointments based on objective job descriptions and meritocratic criteria for selection, with academic credentials, training and…
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The executive, namely the president and the prime minister, typically approves the selection of personnel to high-level appointments with the advice of the Armed…
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The Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) appointments and advancement processes are not disclosed to the public, although retired senior officers have asserted that mechanisms like…
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Q42
75/100
Are personnel promoted through an objective, meritocratic process? Such a process would include promotion boards outside of the command chain, strong formal appraisal processes, and independent oversight.
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Personnel promotions are conducted through formal appraisal processes that consider various determinants such as educational credentials as well as job performance, which are reviewed…
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This indicator has been marked as Not Applicable, as there are no documented or verifiable examples of alternative means of awarding rank, whether temporary…
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Public information on Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) promotions is typically limited to OF-6 and above officers who take up key appointments within their respective…
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Promotions are well documented via internal bulletins/orders with pertinent details including rank and grade, and the effective date [1, 2]; while annual promotion exercises,…
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Conscription and Recruitment
Q43
100/100
Where compulsory conscription occurs, is there a policy of not accepting bribes for avoiding conscription? Are there appropriate procedures in place to deal with such bribery, and are they applied?
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There are clear regulations as well as legislation against bribery for avoiding Singapore’s mandatory conscription for male citizens that are in line with the…
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The government has demonstrated its willingness and ability to impose sanctions on individuals who default on their conscription obligations, whether through bribery or other…
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There are clear regulations and legislation against bribery of public officials [1], events which would also attract the attention of independent organisations such as…
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Q44
100/100
is there a policy of refusing bribes to gain preferred postings? Are there appropriate procedures in place to deal with such bribery, and are they applied?
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The Ministry of Defence (MINDEF) maintains a zero-tolerance policy against corruption, which includes bribery in all forms and purposes, with convictions resulting in punitive…
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Possible sanctions for bribery/military offences have been clearly outlined in relevant legislation such as the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) Act, with imprisonment for a…
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While there are no reported cases of bribery to influence conscript postings, the MINDEF has consistently pursued any detected violations to preserve the integrity…
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Salary Chain
The Ministry of Defence (MINDEF) and the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) maintain a centralised system of payments which is separate from the chain of…
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Values and Standards
Q46
100/100
Is there a Code of Conduct for all military personnel that includes, but is not limited to, guidance with respect to bribery, gifts and hospitality, conflicts of interest, and post-separation activities? Is there evidence that breaches of the Code of Conduct are effectively addressed?
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There is a clear Code of Conduct (CoC) for military personnel [1]. Moreover, all public servants are expected to adhere to an established CoC…
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The military’s CoC is available to both serving personnel and the public [1]. It is also emphasised during initial training and reinforced at various…
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Evidence suggests that breaches of the CoC have been investigated and pursued in both military and civilian courts [1]. For instance, a former Singapore…
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Guidance on the military’s CoC and the armed forces core values [1, 2] is a core part of a recruit’s induction training [3]; these…
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Q47
100/100
Is there a Code of Conduct for all civilian personnel that includes, but is not limited to, guidance with respect to bribery, gifts and hospitality, conflicts of interest, and post-separation activities? Is there evidence that breaches of the Code of Conduct are effectively addressed?
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All public servants are expected to adhere to an established code of conduct (CoC) that expressly prohibits any conflict of interest between the officers’…
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The civilian CoC is available to both serving personnel and the public, along with the associated consequences [1, 2. Guidance and instruction on appropriate…
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There have been no specific examples of investigation and persecution of civilian defence personnel in the public domain, but a robust framework that is…
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The civilian CoC forms an important aspect of the day-to-day operations of non-uniformed personnel [1, 2]. Guidance on the code of conduct for civilian…
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Q48
83/100
Does regular anti-corruption training take place for military and civilian personnel?
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The Ministry of Defence (MINDEF) organises seminars on various aspects of professional ethics audits, corruption, and personnel vetting in the compulsory introductory-level courses that…
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MINDEF notes that MINDEF/SAF officers are required to attend anti-corruption and integrity trainings during induction and at milestones also undertke courses – and attend…
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It is unknown whether anti-corruption training is made available across all ranks and vocations. Relevant training has been delivered to commissioned officers at various…
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Q49
92/100
Is there a policy to make public outcomes of the prosecution of defence services personnel for corrupt activities, and is there evidence of effective prosecutions in recent years?
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Outcomes of formal proceedings are made available to the public. Article 103 of the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) Act stipulates that: (1) Subject to…
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Relevant information on cases that attract media attention has been widely covered [1]. For example, a senior military official was convicted of crimes including…
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There is a robust process for the formal investigation and prosecution of corruption-related cases for military personnel, which is clearly defined and free from…
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Q50
100/100
Are there effective measures in place to discourage facilitation payments (which are illegal in almost all countries)?
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Section 5 of the Prevention of Corruption Act creates public and private offences of active and passive bribery by both individuals and companies. Persons…
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There is evidence that transgressions, when detected, result in prosecution and severe punishment without influence from the government, industry, or society. For example, two…
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There is no evidence suggesting that occurrences such as these are frequent. Both the judiciary and the executive have consistently stated that the health…
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