Financial Risk:
Critical
Score:
4/100
Asset Disposals
Q24
13/100
How effective are controls over the disposal of assets, and is information on these disposals, and the proceeds of their sale, transparent?
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Sudan’s Legislative Work, Procurement, Contracting and Surplus Disposal Act (often referred to as ‘The Procurement Act’) references the need to protect asset disposition from…
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Although the Ministry of Finance website [1] contains a link entitled ‘Disposal of Surplus Management’, the linked page is blank and no information is…
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Since there is no transparency with regard to the disposal process of security sector assets, there is no way to know the financial results…
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Q25
0/100
Is independent and transparent scrutiny of asset disposals conducted by defence establishments, and are the reports of such scrutiny publicly available?
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Since a significant proportion of defence sector spending is conducted directly by individual security sector components and individuals that/who make purchases with revenue they…
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This indicator is marked Not Applicable as information on asset disposal is not readily available to any oversight body, so they cannot scrutinise it.
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This indicator is marked Not Applicable as information on asset disposal is not readily available and is therefore not scrutinised at all by any…
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Secret Budgets
Q26
0/100
What percentage of defence and security expenditure in the budget year is dedicated to spending on secret items relating to national security and the intelligence services?
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The Government of Sudan’s publicly declared defence and security expenditure is widely considered to be unreliable and a drastic underestimate of its actual spending.…
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Q27
NA/100
Is the legislature (or the appropriate legislative committee or members of the legislature) given full information for the budget year on the spending of all secret items relating to national security and military intelligence?
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This indicator is marked Not Applicable. Former President Omar Bashir dissolved Parliament, which formerly had oversight of defence policy by law (pursuant to Article…
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Q28
0/100
Are audit reports of the annual accounts of the security sector (the military and intelligence services) subject to parliamentary debate?
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Former President Omar Bashir dissolved Parliament, which formerly had oversight of defence policy by law (pursuant to Article 91 of the Interim National Constitution,…
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This indicator is marked Not Applicable. Former President Omar Bashir dissolved Parliament, which formerly had oversight of defence policy by law (pursuant to Article…
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Q29
0/100
In law, are off-budget military expenditures permitted, and if so, are they exceptional occurrences that are well-controlled? In practice, are there any off-budget military expenditures? If so, does evidence suggest this involves illicit economic activity?
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No evidence could be found that off-budget military expenditure is prohibited by law. In 2020, Freedom House reported that, in practice, ‘President al-Bashir’s government…
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For years, individual security units have accrued their own off-the-books revenue as well, so even if the Ministries of Defence, Interior and Finance were…
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As emphasised in the U.S. Department of State’s 2018 Integrated Country Strategy for Sudan, ‘GoS officials with access have reaped illicit benefits from the…
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Q30
13/100
Are mechanisms for accessing information from the defence sector effective?
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Sudan’s Access to Information Act of 2015 mandates each governmental and non-governmental institution in the country to assign an ‘information coordinator’ to respond to…
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This indicator is not assigned a score in the GDI. Former President Bashir did not share much information about either revenues generated or resources…
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The Ministry of Defence website is currently not in operation [1]. Therefore, information is not easily available on demand, but is sometimes circulated by…
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Q31
13/100
Do national defence and security institutions have beneficial ownership of commercial businesses? If so, how transparent are details of the operations and finances of such businesses?
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Defence forces, including the Sudan Armed Forces and the Rapid Support Forces, among others, own defence- and non-defence-sector businesses that supply them with resource…
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Only some businesses are publicly declared and the security forces are not obliged to report the details of their operations and finances to government…
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Military-owned Businesses
Q32
0/100
Are military-owned businesses subject to transparent independent scrutiny at a recognised international standard?
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In April 2020, the Sudan Tribune wrote that the head of the transitional Sovereignty Council had decided to form a committee to reform the…
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There is no evidence on Sudan’s National Audit Chamber’s website [1] that military-owned businesses or their connections with military personnel are systematically audited or…
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Illegal Private Enterprise
Q33
0/100
Is there evidence of unauthorised private enterprise by military or other defence ministry employees? If so, what is the government’s reaction to such enterprise?
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No evidence can be found that the government outlaws private enterprise under the umbrella of state defence and security operations. In fact, the Military…
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No evidence can be found that the government outlaws private enterprise under the umbrella of state defence and security operations. In fact, the Military…
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Actual Military Spending
Q77
0/100
Is comprehensive data on actual spending on defence published during the budget year?
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Reports of actual defence and security spending are not available to the public. The Ministries of Defence and Interior lack visibility on actual defence…
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This indicator is marked Not Applicable as no information on actual spending is publicly available. According to the International Budget Partnership, only one of…
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In 2017 and 2019, the International Budget Partnership’s Open Budget Survey for Sudan found that only a pre-budget statement was made available to the…
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According to the International Budget Partnership, only one of eight key budget documents are made available online within a timeframe consistent with international standards…
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