Procurement Risk:
Critical
Score:
2/100
Government Policy
Q57
13/100
Does the country have legislation covering defence and security procurement with clauses specific to corruption risks, and are any items exempt from these laws?
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This indicator is not assigned a score in the GDI. Sudan does not have any sector-specific procurement laws that cover defence and security procurement,…
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Although the Public Procurement, Contracting and Disposal of Public Assets Act mentions articles entitled ‘Fraud and Corruption (Article 54), ‘Actions affecting the public servant’…
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Sudan’s defence procurement activites are highly secretive. Historically, Sudan’s defence sector institutions and informal affiliates have obtained revenue via transactions – formal and informal,…
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Q58
8/100
Is the defence procurement cycle process, from assessment of needs, through contract implementation and sign-off, all the way to asset disposal, disclosed to the public?
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Sudan does not have any sector-specific procurement laws that cover defence and security procurement, but Parliament did pass the Sudan Public Procurement, Contracting and…
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The 2010 Public Procurement, Contracting and Disposal of Public Assets Act of the Republic of Sudan is very general. It is not a long…
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The Government of Sudan’s general ‘Public Procurement, Contracting and Disposal of Public Assets Act, 2010’ stipulates that each ministry shall be responsible for its…
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Q59
0/100
Are defence procurement oversight mechanisms in place and are these oversight mechanisms active and transparent?
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The Public Procurement, Contracting and Disposal of Public Assets Act of the Republic of Sudan, 2010 [1], outlines general procurement processes, but there is…
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This indicator is scored ‘Not Applicable’, given that a thorough review of internet sources and interviews with two experts on Sudan’s security sector yielded…
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This indicator is scored ‘Not Applicable’ because, since there is no evidence that Sudan’s defence procurement activities are, in practice, subject to oversight mechanisms…
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Phone interviews with independent experts suggested that the Government of Sudan does not undertake any forward planning for potential purchases or does not make…
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Sudan’s defence purchase planning is deliberately kept secret. Independent experts on Sudan’s defence sector verified that solicitations and public notices of intent to solicit…
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The government is highly secretive about its defence purchases. Phone interviews with a Sudan defence sector expert [1] confirmed that even the total defence…
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No data on actual defence purchases was available on the websites of the Ministries of Defence, Interior or Finance [1,2,3]. The Ministry of Finance…
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Capability Gap and Requirements Definition
Q62
0/100
What procedures and standards are companies required to have – such as compliance programmes and business conduct programmes – in order to be able to bid for work for the Ministry of Defence or armed forces?
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There is no evidence to suggest that Sudan’s defence organisations require the businesses they own or the businesses to which they award contracts to…
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This indicator is scored ‘Not Applicable’ because there are no policies that require anti-corruption standards in defence procurement contracts. In fact, it is likely…
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Q63
0/100
Are procurement requirements derived from a national defence and security strategy, and are procurement decisions well-audited? Are defence purchases based on clearly identified and quantified requirements?
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No evidence was found to suggest that any national defence and/or national security strategies exist or that procurement planning is centralised or even conducted…
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No evidence was found to suggest that defence purchases are formally scrutinised by any government entities, independent or not. The only perceivable scrutiny of…
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No evidence was found to suggest that defence purchases are based on any requirements set by the Ministry of Defence, Office of the Presidency…
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Tender Solicitation, Assessment and Contract Award
Q64
NEI/100
Is defence procurement generally conducted as open competition or is there a significant element of single-sourcing (that is, without competition)?
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Article 19 of Sudan’s 2010 Public Procurement, Contracting and Disposal of Assets Act requires procuring authorities within the Government of Sudan to widely broadcast…
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Sudan’s defence procurements are generally secret and therefore do not enable open competition. In any case, no evidence could be found in Sudan’s Public…
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Q65
0/100
Are tender boards subject to regulations and codes of conduct and are their decisions subject to independent audit to ensure due process and fairness?
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GAN Integrity’s Sudan report, published on its Risk and Compliance Portal, summarises as follows: ‘Public procurement in Sudan presents companies with a very high…
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A 2017 report by Transparency International states that the ‘lack of transparency and information [about contracting processes] allows for a discretionary administration of the…
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Since there is no evidence that tender boards are actually used in Sudan’s defence sector (for example, the Ministries of Defence, Interior and Finance…
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Since tenders, to the extent that they are used in the defence sector, are not easily accessible either to the public or to ministries…
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Q66
NEI/100
Does the country have legislation in place to discourage and punish collusion between bidders for defence and security contracts?
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The assessor was only able to find one version of Sudan’s Public Procurement, Contracting and Disposal of Assets Act of 2010 on the internet…
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As noted in 66A, Sudan’s procurement legislation is unclear and it is not possible to award a score on this basis. As such, this…
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During phone interviews, two experts on Sudan’s defence sector verified that there is a complete failure to investigate or prosecute cases of corruption in…
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A thorough internet search and interviews with two experts on Sudan’s defence sector [1,2] yielded no evidence that individuals who implement procurement in the…
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Contract Delivery and In-Service Support
Q67
0/100
Are there mechanisms and procedures that ensure that contractors meet their obligations on reporting and delivery?
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A review of Sudan’s Public Procurement Act and the websites of the Ministries of Defence, Interior and Finance did not yield any evidence of…
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The high level of opacity in the award of Sudan’s defence sector contracts inhibits any efforts that ministries might make, or that civil society…
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Since Sudan’s Ministries of Defence, Interior and Finance [1,2,3] are not involved in and generally have no visibility into defence sector procurement activities undertaken…
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It is not clear whether breaches of contract are acted upon in Sudan’s defence and security sectors. A review of the websites of the…
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Q68
13/100
Are there mechanisms in place to allow companies to complain about perceived malpractice in procurement, and are companies protected from discrimination when they use these mechanisms?
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According to Transparency International, the Public Grievances Chamber is essentially Sudan’s Ombudsman, established to independently ‘consider complaints related to grievances suffered by citizens in…
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According to Transparency International, the Public Grievances Chamber is essentially Sudan’s Ombudsman, established to independently ‘consider complaints related to grievances suffered by citizens in…
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According to Transparency International, the Public Grievances Chamber is essentially Sudan’s Ombudsman, established to independently ‘consider complaints related to grievances suffered by citizens in…
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The Public Procurement, Contracting and Disposal of Assets Act of the Republic of Sudan, 2010, allows for the termination of a contract and/or the…
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Since procurement officials in defence sector ministries do not have any practical visibility into or authority over defence sector procurements [1,2], these transactions are…
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Since procurement officials in defence sector ministries have no practical visibility into or authority over defence sector procurements [1,2], they are not able to…
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Offset Contracts
Q70
0/100
When negotiating offset contracts, does the government specifically address corruption risk by imposing anti-corruption due diligence on contractors and third parties?
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A review of Sudan’s Public Procurement Act of 2010 [1] did not yield any evidence that the Government of Sudan has adopted formal policies…
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A review of the websites of the Ministries of Defence, Interior and Finance [1,2,3], as well as an interview with an expert on Sudan’s…
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A review of the websites of the Ministries of Defence, Interior and Finance [1,2,3], as well as an interview with an expert on Sudan’s…
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A review of the websites of the Ministries of Defence, Interior and Finance [1,2,3], as well as an interview with an expert on Sudan’s…
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In separate phone interviews, two experts on Sudan’s security sector verified that single-source offset contracts are not only rarely (if ever) formally justified, they…
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Agents / Brokers
Q73
0/100
How strongly does the government control the company’s use of agents and intermediaries in the procurement cycle?
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There is no evidence in Sudan’s Procurement Act that the government imposes restrictions on the use of agents and intermediaries during procurement processes in…
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There are not any known restrictions or public-specific policy on the use of agents and intermediaries in the procurement cycle in the defence sector.…
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Financing Package
Q74
0/100
Are the principal aspects of the financing package surrounding major arms deals, (such as payment timelines, interest rates, commercial loans or export credit agreements) made publicly available prior to the signing of contracts?
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No evidence could be found, for example, on the websites of the Ministries of Defence, Interior or Finance [1,2,3], that the Government of Sudan…
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Seller Influence
Q75
NS/100
How common is it for defence acquisition decisions to be based on political influence by selling nations?
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This indicator is not assigned a score in the GDI. A 2017 report by Chatham House reads that 50% of Sudan’s arms purchases came…
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This indicator is not assigned a score in the GDI. The government’s purchasing activity and justification criteria for its purchases have long been completely…
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This indicator is not assigned a score in the GDI. No reliable evidence can be identified to validate whether or not political elites attempt…
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