Personnel Risk:
Moderate
Score:
64/100
Leadership Behaviour
Q34
50/100
Do the Defence Ministry, Defence Minister, Chiefs of Defence, and Single Service Chiefs publicly commit, through, for example, speeches, media interviews, or political mandates, to anti-corruption and integrity measures?
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The Department of National Defence (DND) Ombudsman resigned after a lengthy conflict with ministerial staff over issues ranging from allegations of misuse of funds,…
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Aside from the Code of Ethics and Values, [1] there are few official documents or statements on integrity or anti-corruption. [2] While not directly…
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There is some mention of integrity in the house journal of the CAF. [1] [2] Integrity is routinely mentioned at change of command ceremonies…
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Q35
75/100
Are there effective measures in place for personnel found to have taken part in forms of bribery and corruption, and is there evidence that these measures are being carried out?
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Q36
42/100
Is whistleblowing encouraged by the government, and are whistle-blowers in military and defence ministries afforded adequate protection from reprisal for reporting evidence of corruption, in both law and practice?
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The whistleblowing legislation that incorporates both civil and military staff is the Public Servants Disclosure Protection Act which establishes a procedure for the disclosure…
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An expert notes that whistleblowing is discouraged [1]. It is also a low priority for the government. A report released by the House of…
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There are concerns about the effectiveness of this legislation. For instance, Colonel-Maître Michel W. Drapeau suggested at interview that the legislation “is very weak…
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Q37
50/100
Is special attention paid to the selection, time in post, and oversight of personnel in sensitive positions, including officials and personnel in defence procurement, contracting, financial management, and commercial management?
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Special attention is unlikely to be paid to selection or time in post [1] for such positions, as screening criteria are set out as…
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The selection process is largely hands off. On the civilian side, positions are filled through competitive means that largely adhere to Treasury Board of…
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Performance reviews for both civilian and military staff occur with regularity; however these are not subject to external oversight, nor are they directly related…
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Payroll, Promotions, Appointments, Rewards
Q38
67/100
Is the number of civilian and military personnel accurately known and publicly available?
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Numbers are updated annually in the Department of National Defence’s Departmental Results Report [1] and provide a clear breakdown of both Military and Civilian…
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Aside from some difficulty in searching the Government of Canada’s “GC Info Base” to find the disaggregated numbers for civilian vs. military staff, this…
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No evidence was found of ghost soldiers in the Canadian Forces. This was confirmed through correspondence with Colonel-Maître Michel Drapeau, who noted “that in…
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Q39
100/100
Are pay rates and allowances for civilian and military personnel openly published?
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Information on pay rates for military by rank and designation are available on the National Defence website. [1] DND Civilian rates of pay follow…
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There is a Defence Administrative Order and Directive (DAOD) that applies to civilian employees and non-commissioned officers of the Canadian Forces that aims to…
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Q40
58/100
Do personnel receive the correct pay on time, and is the system of payment well-established, routine, and published?
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There are separate pay systems for Civilian and Military personnel. [1] There have been notorious problems throughout the (civilian) public service with the “Phoenix…
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There are separate pay systems for Civilian and Military personnel. [1] There have been notorious problems throughout the (civilian) public service with the “Phoenix…
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Despite the issues with the pay system for the civilian staff, there are efforts promoting transparency with the structure and accounting of pay. Pay…
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Q41
17/100
Is there an established, independent, transparent, and objective appointment system for the selection of military personnel at middle and top management level?
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There is a robust, clear and transparent system of appointing military personnel from the low to high ranks, through the use of merit review…
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The military career process begins with recruitment to the Canadian Forces. There are courses throughout one’s career that allow an ongoing assessment of military…
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The criteria for selection is not published for public consumption prior to the decision being made. [1] [2] Appointments are eventually made public and…
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Q42
50/100
Are personnel promoted through an objective, meritocratic process? Such a process would include promotion boards outside of the command chain, strong formal appraisal processes, and independent oversight.
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According to DOAD 5059-0 (Performance Assessment of Canadian Forces Members), there are different methods of assessment based on position and role within various areas…
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There are exceptions at the higher levels of the command structure. Promotion to the second highest rank, where the Chief of Defence Staff (CDS)…
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The Canadian Forces Personnel Appraisal System is intended solely for use by members of the Canadian Armed Forces. As such, the system is password…
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Postings and promotions for high ranking officers are regularly published and made available online, but only for General and Flag Officers. [1] While material…
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Conscription and Recruitment
Q43
NA/100
Where compulsory conscription occurs, is there a policy of not accepting bribes for avoiding conscription? Are there appropriate procedures in place to deal with such bribery, and are they applied?
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There is no compulsory conscription in Canada. The Canadian Armed Forces is entirely professionally staffed (for both the reserve and full time forces) through…
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There is no compulsory conscription in Canada. The Canadian Armed Forces is entirely professionally staffed (for both the reserve and full time forces) through…
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There is no compulsory conscription in Canada. The Canadian Armed Forces is entirely professionally staffed (for both the reserve and full time forces) through…
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Q44
58/100
is there a policy of refusing bribes to gain preferred postings? Are there appropriate procedures in place to deal with such bribery, and are they applied?
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Ther are a number of Department of National Defence (DND) directives that relate to this subject, including DAOD 7025-0 Fraud Protection and Management, [1]…
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Sanctions can include criminal prosecution/ incarceration, dismissal, and considerable financial penalties. Providing bribes for a posting could result in charges under section 380 of…
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Enforcement could take place under Queen’s Regulations and Orders (QR&O) article 4.02, General Responsibilities of Officers [1] and article 5.01, General Responsibilities of Non-Commissioned…
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Salary Chain
Chains of Command are entirely separate from pay strucutres. Personal relationships have no effect on the payment of personnel and pay rates are standardised…
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Values and Standards
Q46
75/100
Is there a Code of Conduct for all military personnel that includes, but is not limited to, guidance with respect to bribery, gifts and hospitality, conflicts of interest, and post-separation activities? Is there evidence that breaches of the Code of Conduct are effectively addressed?
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The Code of Service Discipline (CSD) is the basis of the Canadian Forces (CF)’s military justice system. It is designed to assist military commanders in maintaining…
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The CSD and the Queen’s Regulations and Orders for the Canadian Forces are both openly accessible to the public online. [1] [2] [3]. CAF…
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The CSD is a key component of Canada’s Military Justice system. As such, it incorporates all elements of the Criminal Code of Canada and…
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Guidances on the CSD and the Queen’s Regulations and Orders for the Canadian Forces are included in induction training for all military personnel. [1]…
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Q47
94/100
Is there a Code of Conduct for all civilian personnel that includes, but is not limited to, guidance with respect to bribery, gifts and hospitality, conflicts of interest, and post-separation activities? Is there evidence that breaches of the Code of Conduct are effectively addressed?
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The “Values and Ethics Code for the Public Sector” applies to all civilian staff of the Department of National Defence (DND). [1] [2] The…
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The code of conduct is distributed to all public servants (civilian employees of the Department of National Defence) and made available to the public…
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According to the Treasury Board of Canada “Members of the public who have reason to believe that a public servant has not acted in…
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The code of conduct is distributed to all public servants (civilian employees of the Department of National Defence) and made available to the public…
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Q48
17/100
Does regular anti-corruption training take place for military and civilian personnel?
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There is weak public sector ethics training. Aside from the code of values which (civilian) employees must sign as a condition of employment, [1]…
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There is no regular anti-corruption training for all military and civilian personnel. [1] However, there is some cultural training for Canadian Forces (CF) members…
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Coverage of personnel is inconsistent and circumstantial. [1] [2]
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Q49
100/100
Is there a policy to make public outcomes of the prosecution of defence services personnel for corrupt activities, and is there evidence of effective prosecutions in recent years?
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Information on all courts martial is made available to the public, and updated on a regular basis. The findings and decisions of all proceedings…
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There is clear evidence posted online of recent procecutions of courts martial regarding instances of corruption and breach of trust. For example, one such…
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Cases make their way through official legal channels without undue political interference. The National Defence Act requires regular independent reviews of key components, including…
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Q50
75/100
Are there effective measures in place to discourage facilitation payments (which are illegal in almost all countries)?
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Facilitation payments were only prohibited for Canadian citizens and corporations after 2017 under the Corruption of Foreign Public Officials Act, [1] as that year…
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While Military Police are responsible for the enforcement of the CSD, they are not able to enforce provincial and territorial laws, which leaves them…
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Facilitation payments were only prohibited for Canadian citizens and corporations after 2017 under the Corruption of Foreign Public Officials Act, [1] as that year…
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