Personnel Risk:
Moderate
Score:
65/100
Leadership Behaviour
Q34
75/100
Do the Defence Ministry, Defence Minister, Chiefs of Defence, and Single Service Chiefs publicly commit, through, for example, speeches, media interviews, or political mandates, to anti-corruption and integrity measures?
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Between 2016 and 2018, the Minister of Defence made a clear commitment to the fight against corruption. This was seen in the signing of…
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In 2017 and 2018, the Minister of Defence and the Commanders of the Armed Forces declared their public commitment to fight corruption. During these…
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As a result of the commitment by the Armed Forces to transparency and integrity, in 2016 under the direction of Commander Alberto José Mejía…
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Q35
88/100
Are there effective measures in place for personnel found to have taken part in forms of bribery and corruption, and is there evidence that these measures are being carried out?
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Law 1474 of 2011, the Anticorruption Statute, [1] modifies Article 444 of the Penal Code, [2] and recognizes “bribery” as the delivery or promise…
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According to the Single Disciplinary Code, Law 734 of 2002, [1] the application of measures aimed at generating disciplinary action against public servants falls…
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Q36
25/100
Is whistleblowing encouraged by the government, and are whistle-blowers in military and defence ministries afforded adequate protection from reprisal for reporting evidence of corruption, in both law and practice?
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Although Laws 734 of 2002 (Art. 244) [1] and 906 of 2004 (Art. 67), [2] establish the obligation of public officials to report any…
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The Ministry of Defence’s campaign, the “Anticorruption Honour Line”, seeks to encourage complaints about acts of bribery, harassment, and abuse. Additionally, its wesite has…
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In 2017, a bill to protect whistleblowers of acts of corruption was submitted to the Congress of the Republic, but was not approved. [1,…
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Q37
83/100
Is special attention paid to the selection, time in post, and oversight of personnel in sensitive positions, including officials and personnel in defence procurement, contracting, financial management, and commercial management?
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Special consideration is given to personnel in sensitive positions within the defence sector in the Anti-Corruption Plan and the Risk Map of the entities,…
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In accordance with Article 2 of Law 909 of 2004, the election of public offices must respond to criteria of “equality, merit, morality, efficiency,…
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The Offices of Talent and Human Resources is the entity responsible for analysing the entry, permanence, and retirement of public servants. Within public entities,…
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Payroll, Promotions, Appointments, Rewards
Q38
58/100
Is the number of civilian and military personnel accurately known and publicly available?
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There are different reports of varying accurracy accounting for the number of military and civilian personnel belonging to the public force. The Ministry of…
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There are several reports containing publicly available information on the number of military members and civilians working in the Military Forces. [1, 2, 3]…
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There is no evidence of ghost soldiers inside the military forces generating small sums or diversions of the payroll. Regarding low levels of extortion,…
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Q39
75/100
Are pay rates and allowances for civilian and military personnel openly published?
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Information on the pay scales of civilian public employees and members of the Armed Forces is available to the public. [1] Decree 1002 of…
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The regulations stipulating and regulating the salary allocations of military and civilian personnel are published on the website of the Administrative Department of the…
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Q40
67/100
Do personnel receive the correct pay on time, and is the system of payment well-established, routine, and published?
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According to the source of the Ministry of Defence, uniformed personnel including all forces, Police, non-uniformed personnel receive their payments automatically between the 26th…
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Defence sector personnel receive their salaries on time on designated payment days in accordance with the provisions of the Ministry of Defence and the…
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Decree 1002 of 2019 [1] establishes the basic salaries for the officers and sub-officers of the Military Forces; officers, sub-officers, and agents of the…
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Q41
50/100
Is there an established, independent, transparent, and objective appointment system for the selection of military personnel at middle and top management level?
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In accordance with Article 217 of the Political Constitution, Congress determines the replacements, promotions, rights and obligations of members of the Military Forces, as…
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As evidenced by the rules governing promotions, external scrutiny in cases of high-level positions is not common, although Congress participates in this procedure. [1]…
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General information on promotions in the Armed Forces is made available on the entity websites and in the media. [2, 3, 4, 5] However,…
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Q42
19/100
Are personnel promoted through an objective, meritocratic process? Such a process would include promotion boards outside of the command chain, strong formal appraisal processes, and independent oversight.
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Law 1405 of 2010, [1] Decree 1790 of 2000, [2] Law 1104 of 2006, [3] and Decree Law 1791 of 2000, [4] stipulate requirements…
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Article 52 of Decree 1790 of 2000 outlines special reasons for promotion. It stipulates that “Military Forces officers and sub-officers who have been victims…
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The information presented on promotions and transfers is generally given on the different websites of the Armed Forces and on the website of the…
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Officer promotions take place in June and December. For sub-officers and executive level, these occur in March and September of each year. [1] There…
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Conscription and Recruitment
Q43
75/100
Where compulsory conscription occurs, is there a policy of not accepting bribes for avoiding conscription? Are there appropriate procedures in place to deal with such bribery, and are they applied?
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According to the Recruitment Law, Law 1861 of 2017, which regulates compulsory conscription in Colombia, [1] non-compliance with recruitment obligations can lead to a…
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Article 59 of Decree Law 1797 (Disciplinary Code of the Armed Forces) stipulates the types of sanctions that exist for uniformed officers who commit…
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With regard to the application of sanctions in cases of bribery, Title XV, Chapter 3, of the Criminal Code [1] defines three types of…
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Q44
83/100
is there a policy of refusing bribes to gain preferred postings? Are there appropriate procedures in place to deal with such bribery, and are they applied?
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The Law on Recruitment or Decree-Law 1861 of 2017, defines a series of sanctions related to the development of behaviours that violate the proper…
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Penalties for the offence of bribery range from imprisonment to fines. The Anti-Corruption Statute [1] and the Penal Code [2] impose penalties such as…
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Given multiple corruption events within the Military Forces, civil society sectors, the press, and control entities have questioned the application of the current regulations…
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Salary Chain
The Colombian Government has the Nation Integrated Financial Information System (SIIF), [1] which aims to “coordinate, integrate, centralize and standardize national public financial management,…
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Values and Standards
Q46
NEI/100
Is there a Code of Conduct for all military personnel that includes, but is not limited to, guidance with respect to bribery, gifts and hospitality, conflicts of interest, and post-separation activities? Is there evidence that breaches of the Code of Conduct are effectively addressed?
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The Ministry of Defence and the various Military Forces have a code of conduct. The Ministry of Defence has its ‘Code of Ethics’ under…
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Each of these Codes of Conduct and disciplinary codes are easily available for public access on the websites the defence sector entities. [1]
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This indicator is marked Not Enough Information as we have been unable to find any cases including court cases or related litigation that refer…
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There is not enough information to score this indicator, as it cannot be established if guidance on the code of conduct is included in…
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Q47
NEI/100
Is there a Code of Conduct for all civilian personnel that includes, but is not limited to, guidance with respect to bribery, gifts and hospitality, conflicts of interest, and post-separation activities? Is there evidence that breaches of the Code of Conduct are effectively addressed?
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For civilian personnel there is a Code of Conduct from 2017, [1] the “Public Service Values. Code of Integrity,” which details the essential values…
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All the codes of conduct of the various entities that make up the defence sector are available on the websites of each force and…
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The Internal Disciplinary Control Office is responsible for knowing, advancing preliminary inquiry, investigating, and adjudicating in the first instance disciplinary proceedings against public servants,…
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Some Codes have vague references to training. The Ministry of Defence’s Code states, for instance that Directors need to “foster knowledge and participation of…
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Q48
92/100
Does regular anti-corruption training take place for military and civilian personnel?
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In the defence sector, anti-corruption training is carried out regularly for civilian and military personnel. Since 2014, training processes in integrity and corruption prevention…
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The defence sector regularly provides anti-corruption training for its civilian and military, with Decree 2641 of 2012 stipulating that Anti-Corruption Plans and monitoring may…
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In terms of personnel coverage, anti-corruption training is provided to personnel in each military rank and civilian personnel, following the principles and values contained…
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Q49
33/100
Is there a policy to make public outcomes of the prosecution of defence services personnel for corrupt activities, and is there evidence of effective prosecutions in recent years?
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The Attorney General’s Office, who is responsible for investigating criminal acts of the military and The Prosecutor’s Office, report very general cases related to…
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There is insufficient evidence to state that all results of military procedures of military personnel under trial for corruption are in the websites of…
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According to the criminal prosecution system in Colombia, corruption cases are investigated and put to trial by the Attorney General’s Office. The Office has…
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Q50
50/100
Are there effective measures in place to discourage facilitation payments (which are illegal in almost all countries)?
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In Colombia, facilitation payments are covered under the label of “improper bribery” (improper payment) which is different from “cohecho propio” (personal bribery) which refers…
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There is not enough information regarding the rate with which actual cases are enforced. As such, this indicator is not scored and is marked…
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According to Colombia’s fifth national survey of anti-bribery practices in Colombian companies, it is clear that facilitation payments occur. Of a total of 690…
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