Personnel Risk:

Very High

Score:

31/100

Leadership Behaviour

Collapse
Q34 50/100

Do the Defence Ministry, Defence Minister, Chiefs of Defence, and Single Service Chiefs publicly commit, through, for example, speeches, media interviews, or political mandates, to anti-corruption and integrity measures?

View Question
Chiefs/Ministers: Internal communications Score: 50 / 100
There is a commitment by the Ministry of Defence to enhance anti-corruption measures and build integrity in the MOD. However, if internal communications are…
Explore
Chiefs/Ministers: Public commitment Score: 75 / 100
The MOD’s commitment is more often demonstrated during public interventions and statements by the minister and senior staff, as well as during events and…
Explore
Unit commanders and leaders Score: 25 / 100
Sporadic statements from senior armed forces officers mostly refer to the promotion of self-discipline, integrity, and professionalism among the Armed Forces personnel rather than…
Explore
Q35 63/100

Are there effective measures in place for personnel found to have taken part in forms of bribery and corruption, and is there evidence that these measures are being carried out?

View Question
Sanctions Score: 75 / 100
The Ghana Armed Forces Act, 1962 (Act 105) and the Armed Forces Regulation (AFR) give a wide range of clearly defined offences in law…
Explore
Enforcement Score: 50 / 100
Cases of investigation and prosecution have been reported by the media. For instance, on May 2018 the Ghana Armed Forces’ Disciplinary Board sanctioned five…
Explore
Q36 25/100

Is whistleblowing encouraged by the government, and are whistle-blowers in military and defence ministries afforded adequate protection from reprisal for reporting evidence of corruption, in both law and practice?

View Question
Legal provisions Score: 75 / 100
Ghana’s legislation on whistleblowing, the Whistleblower Act, 2006 (Act 720), applies to military, police, and intelligence personnel (1). Article. 12, explicitly mentions protection for…
Explore
Prioritisation Score: 0 / 100
Training, information and guidance on the reporting of corruption and protection for whistleblowers are provided by CSOs and Ghanaian public institutions. For instance, in…
Explore
Effectiveness Score: 0 / 100
According to the Ghana Anti-Corruption Coalition (GAAC), more protection should be provided to whistleblowers. Currently, the Whistleblower Amendment Act and the Witness Protection Bill…
Explore
Q37 0/100

Is special attention paid to the selection, time in post, and oversight of personnel in sensitive positions, including officials and personnel in defence procurement, contracting, financial management, and commercial management?

View Question
Coverage of sensitive (higher-risk) positions Score: 0 / 100
According to the information made publicly available by the MOD through public communications and documentation, no special attention is given to personnel in sensitive…
Explore
Selection process Score: NA / 100
Because no special attention is given to personnel in sensitive positions within the defence sector, this score is marked Not Applicable. Not all positions…
Explore
Oversight Score: NA / 100
Because no special attention is given to personnel in sensitive positions within the defence sector, this score is marked Not Applicable. If there are…
Explore

Payroll, Promotions, Appointments, Rewards

Expand
Q38 0/100

Is the number of civilian and military personnel accurately known and publicly available?

View Question
Accuracy Score: 0 / 100
The MOD does not provide an official number of military personnel employed. Despite providing some information about the activities of the Ghanaian military personnel,…
Explore
Transparency Score: 0 / 100
Information on the number of military personnel is not made publicly available. Information on the number of civilian personnel is published on the Ghana…
Explore
Ghost soldiers Score: 0 / 100
Although the procedure for paying salaries is laid out and headcounts are routinely done; in the past year amongst the military (1), there have…
Explore
Q39 13/100

Are pay rates and allowances for civilian and military personnel openly published?

View Question
Pay rates Score: 25 / 100
Pay rates for the MOD’s employees are published in the annual budget, but only in a highly aggregated form. For instance, according to the…
Explore
Allowances Score: 0 / 100
No information is made publicly available on the allowances in the 2018 Ministry of Defence budget (1), (2).
Explore
Q40 50/100

Do personnel receive the correct pay on time, and is the system of payment well-established, routine, and published?

View Question
Timeliness Score: 75 / 100
Personnel receive their pay on time, however military personnel involved in peacekeeping missions have complained about delays in the past five years (1). The…
Explore
Accuracy Score: 75 / 100
Personnel receive their pay on time through the Accountant Generals Department (1), (2), (3). Information about the salaries of military personnel is not made…
Explore
Transparency Score: 0 / 100
Payments were switched to the Single Spine Salary Structure in 2010, which improved transparency and the accuracy of payments somewhat (1). The payment system…
Explore
Q41 0/100

Is there an established, independent, transparent, and objective appointment system for the selection of military personnel at middle and top management level?

View Question
Formal process Score: 0 / 100
Appointments of military personnel at high levels are made by the president in consultation with the Council of State. The appointments have immediate effect…
Explore
Scrutiny Score: 0 / 100
Appointments are subject to scrutiny by the Council of State. However, the Council is also appointed by the president. The Parliamentary Appointments Committee, despite…
Explore
Transparency Score: 0 / 100
No information regarding the requirement and selection criteria of the appointment process is made publicly available by the MOD, GAF, or the Office of…
Explore
Q42 0/100

Are personnel promoted through an objective, meritocratic process? Such a process would include promotion boards outside of the command chain, strong formal appraisal processes, and independent oversight.

View Question
Formal process Score: 0 / 100
Promotions follow a similar process as appointments, the president, who is also the Commander in Chief, promotes the military personnel based on the recommendations…
Explore
Exceptions Score: 0 / 100
No information is made publicly available by the MOD or the GAF regarding the existence of a regulation limiting the possibility of awarding ranks…
Explore
Comprehensiveness Score: 0 / 100
Little to no information is released about postings or the promotion cycle. The only information that is sometimes disclosed (i.e. CV, position, etc.) is…
Explore
Frequency Score: 0 / 100
Because little to no information is released about postings or the promotion cycle, this indicator is scored Not Applicable.
Explore

Conscription and Recruitment

Expand
Q43 NA/100

Where compulsory conscription occurs, is there a policy of not accepting bribes for avoiding conscription? Are there appropriate procedures in place to deal with such bribery, and are they applied?

View Question
Policy Score: NA / 100
In Ghana there is no compulsory conscription (1). This indicator is marked Not Applicable.
Explore
Sanctions Score: NA / 100
Because there is no compulsory conscription, this indicator is marked Not applicable.
Explore
Enforcement Score: NA / 100
Because there is no compulsory conscription, this indicator is marked Not applicable.
Explore
Q44 83/100

is there a policy of refusing bribes to gain preferred postings? Are there appropriate procedures in place to deal with such bribery, and are they applied?

View Question
Policy Score: 100 / 100
Section 239-245 of the Criminal Offences Act, 1960 (Act 29) criminalises corruption of and by a public officer or juror (“Every public officer or…
Explore
Sanctions Score: 100 / 100
Corruption cases are prosecuted as misdemeanours, which upon conviction result in a maximum of three years in prison. However, in March 2017, the current…
Explore
Enforcement Score: 50 / 100
Despite a strong legal and political framework, there are still significant gaps in the implementation of anti-bribery measures. A lack of funds and staff…
Explore

Salary Chain

Expand
Q45 50/100

Are chains of command separate from chains of payment?

View Question
Score: 50 / 100
Chains of command are separated from chains of payment (3), (4), (5). The Forces Pay Regiment (FPR), which operates under the Support Services Brigade…
Explore

Values and Standards

Expand
Q46 50/100

Is there a Code of Conduct for all military personnel that includes, but is not limited to, guidance with respect to bribery, gifts and hospitality, conflicts of interest, and post-separation activities? Is there evidence that breaches of the Code of Conduct are effectively addressed?

View Question
Code of conduct Score: 25 / 100
There is a Code of ethics for military personnel. It is not made publicly available (1), (2).
Explore
Transparency Score: 25 / 100
The Ghanaian Army, Air Force, and Navy have a code of conduct and take classes on it, but it is not clear whether they…
Explore
Enforcement Score: 50 / 100
Investigations on breaches of the code of conduct are reported on in the media. For instance, in October 2016, a soldier was sanctioned upon…
Explore
Training Score: 100 / 100
The Ghanaian Army, Air Force, and Navy have a code of conduct and take classes on it, but it is not clear whether they…
Explore
Q47 NEI/100

Is there a Code of Conduct for all civilian personnel that includes, but is not limited to, guidance with respect to bribery, gifts and hospitality, conflicts of interest, and post-separation activities? Is there evidence that breaches of the Code of Conduct are effectively addressed?

View Question
Code of conduct Score: 50 / 100
Article 284 of Chapter 24 regulates conflict of interest for public officers (“A public officer shall not put himself in a position where his…
Explore
Transparency Score: 50 / 100
The code of conduct for public officers is publically available, but it is not clear how effectively it is distributed to all civilian personnel…
Explore
Enforcement Score: NEI / 100
This indicator has not been assigned a score due to insufficient information or evidence.
Explore
Training Score: NEI / 100
This indicator has not been assigned a score due to insufficient information or evidence. The code of conduct for public officers is publically available,…
Explore
Q48 0/100

Does regular anti-corruption training take place for military and civilian personnel?

View Question
Comprehensiveness Score: 0 / 100
Despite a public commitment in fighting corruption and building integrity among military personnel, the MOD doesn’t hold any anti-corruption training for its members or…
Explore
Regularity Score: NA / 100
As there is no anti-corruption training, this indicator is marked Not Applicable.
Explore
Coverage of personnel Score: NA / 100
As there is no anti-corruption training, this indicator is marked Not Applicable.
Explore
Q49 NEI/100

Is there a policy to make public outcomes of the prosecution of defence services personnel for corrupt activities, and is there evidence of effective prosecutions in recent years?

View Question
Policy Score: 0 / 100
The military justice system is based upon the Armed Forces Act (1962), Act 105. The act does not provide a publication of the outcomes…
Explore
Transparency Score: 0 / 100
Information on prosecutions is not made publicly available. Neither the MOD or the GAF publish the outcomes of prosecution, the media occasionally cover the…
Explore
Effectiveness Score: NEI / 100
This indicator has not been assigned a score due to insufficient information or evidence. According to the most recent Afrobarometer survey, the judiciary is…
Explore
Q50 50/100

Are there effective measures in place to discourage facilitation payments (which are illegal in almost all countries)?

View Question
Legal framework Score: 100 / 100
Section 240 of the Criminal Offences Act states that an officer is guilty of corruption if he is influenced by a “gift, promise, or…
Explore
Enforcement Score: 50 / 100
Despite the judiciary being perceived as the second-most corrupt institution in Ghana (1), which leads to questions of its effectiveness, there have been cases…
Explore
Prevalence Score: 0 / 100
The facilitation of payments is a widespread corruption practice in Ghana (1).
Explore