Personnel Risk:
High
Score:
47/100
34
75/100
Do the Defence Ministry, Defence Minister, Chiefs of Defence, and Single Service Chiefs publicly commit, through, for example, speeches, media interviews, or political mandates, to anti-corruption and integrity measures?
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The Ministry of Defence, Chief of Defence Staff (CDS), and Service Chiefs are all obliged to communicate a zero-tolerance policy for corruption. This is…
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The Minister of Defence and Service Chiefs use public events and media engagements to reassure the general public of their commitment to anti-corruption and…
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Unit commanders have effectively communicated the military’s role in ensuring stability and preserving democracy in the country. Colonel George A. Biah (retired) exemplified this…
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35
88/100
Are there effective measures in place for personnel found to have taken part in forms of bribery and corruption, and is there evidence that these measures are being carried out?
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The Armed Forces Act 1962, Act 105, is a major regulatory measure in Ghana that keeps personnel in check. The act explicitly states personnel’s…
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There have been instances of alleged misconduct by personnel in the armed forces, leading to court proceedings. In accordance with Section of the Armed…
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36
42/100
Is whistleblowing encouraged by the government, and are whistle-blowers in military and defence ministries afforded adequate protection from reprisal for reporting evidence of corruption, in both law and practice?
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The Whistleblowers Act (Act 720) (1), passed in 2006, provides a legal framework for reporting unlawful or corrupt conduct, and military personnel are not…
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Public institutions and Civil Society Organizations have implemented anti-corruption sensitization programs among Ghanaians, primarily targeting the youth. This effort is exemplified by anti-corruption engagement…
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In July 2023, Parliament passed the Whistleblowers Amendment Act to enhance the Whistleblower Act, 2006 (Act 720) (1). This amendment expands the sources of…
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37
8/100
Is special attention paid to the selection, time in post, and oversight of personnel in sensitive positions, including officials and personnel in defence procurement, contracting, financial management, and commercial management?
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The criteria for appointing individuals to positions in the military are not publicly disclosed. An interview with a senior military officer revealed that rank…
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At the top management level, there are parameters available for selecting or appointing personnel. Chapter 11 (11.01) of the Armed Forces Regulations Act (Volume…
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There are neither formal internal nor external review processes available for the oversight of sensitive defence sector appointments since this is made at the…
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38
0/100
Is the number of civilian and military personnel accurately known and publicly available?
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There is no public information on the number of military personnel within the Ghana Armed Forces. Available data from the World Bank, however, estimates…
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Information on the number of Civilian and Military Personnel are not made available publicly. (1)(2)
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Recent reports have raised concerns about the possibility of “ghost soldiers” within the Ghana Armed Forces—a phenomenon where payments are made to individuals who…
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39
0/100
Are pay rates and allowances for civilian and military personnel openly published?
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The Ministry of Defence’s budget does not publicly provide details about pay rates. However, it does include collective provisions that specify the total amounts…
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The Ministry of Defence’s budget does not provide explicit details about military personnel allowances or the criteria for their allocation. However, it does include…
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40
50/100
Do personnel receive the correct pay on time, and is the system of payment well-established, routine, and published?
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Salaries are usually paid on time. There has however been persistent delays in the release of Peacekeeping allowances with some peacekeepers not receiving their…
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Salaries are usually accurate. Allowances from peacekeeping are however subject to massive inacuracy with commanders accused of underpaying soldiers and making gains from the…
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The Salary structure for the Ghana Armed Forces is not publicly available.(1) However, it has been suggested that Salaries are based solely on Rank.(2)
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41
33/100
Is there an established, independent, transparent, and objective appointment system for the selection of military personnel at middle and top management level?
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There is an established procedure for the selection or appointment of military personnel at the middle and top management levels. The Armed Forces Regulations…
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There is external scrutiny of appointments for higher-ranking officers, equivalent to Colonel and above. These appointments require cabinet approval upon the advice of the…
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There are no clearly stated processes for the selection of military personnel at middle and top management level. New appointments are communicated publicly but…
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42
31/100
Are personnel promoted through an objective, meritocratic process? Such a process would include promotion boards outside of the command chain, strong formal appraisal processes, and independent oversight.
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The Armed Forces Regulations Act, Volume 1, Chapter 11, (11.01) establishes the authority and the conditions for promotion. 11.02 states explicitly that “no officer…
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Ghana’s Armed Forces Regulations and the Constitution formally set out promotion procedures, but at the senior level (Colonel and above), ranks can be awarded…
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The promotion and postings of the GAF are not regular and updated as and when they are made, but there are instances where such…
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There is limited information available to the public on the appointment and promotion regime of the GAF; there are, however, publications of such promotions…
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43
NA/100
Where compulsory conscription occurs, is there a policy of not accepting bribes for avoiding conscription? Are there appropriate procedures in place to deal with such bribery, and are they applied?
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There is no conscription policy for recruitment into the Ghana Armed Forces and other security services in Ghana. (1)
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There is no conscription policy for recruitment into the Ghana Armed Forces and other security services in Ghana. (1)
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There is no conscription policy for recruitment into the Ghana Armed Forces and other security services in Ghana. (1)
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44
83/100
is there a policy of refusing bribes to gain preferred postings? Are there appropriate procedures in place to deal with such bribery, and are they applied?
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There are strict regulatory policies that prohibit bribery for soliciting postings. This is captured in the Criminal Offences Act 1960 (Act 29) which strictly…
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Corruption cases within the Ghana Armed Forces are prosecuted in accordance with the Criminal Offences Act, 1960 (Act 29), the Service Code of Discipline,…
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Appropriate sanctions are enforced when a soldier is deemed to have taken a bribe. (1) Yet effective enforcement remains a significant challenge due to…
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There is a separation between chains of command and chains of payment. The Ghana Armed Forces Pay Regiment, under the Services Brigade, is responsible…
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46
69/100
Is there a Code of Conduct for all military personnel that includes, but is not limited to, guidance with respect to bribery, gifts and hospitality, conflicts of interest, and post-separation activities? Is there evidence that breaches of the Code of Conduct are effectively addressed?
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The Code of Service Discipline and the Armed Forces Regulations include various regulations, but they do not explicitly provide procedures or guidelines regarding bribery,…
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The Ghana Armed Forces have a Code of Ethics that regulates their activities(1). Personnel are educated and trained on it, it is however not…
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Breaches of the code of conduct are regularly investigated. A notable example is the sanctioning of 86 personnel for violating the force’s code of…
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Personnel are taken through the code of service discipline as part of their training at all levels, including promotional courses that are undertaken by…
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47
63/100
Is there a Code of Conduct for all civilian personnel that includes, but is not limited to, guidance with respect to bribery, gifts and hospitality, conflicts of interest, and post-separation activities? Is there evidence that breaches of the Code of Conduct are effectively addressed?
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Volume 4 of the Armed Forces Regulations (LI 1114) addresses the activities of Civillian personnel. The regulations outline the various codes of conduct for…
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The civilian employees within the armed forces have a clear code of conduct easily understandable with a clear focus established under LI 1114, named…
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There are instances where the code of conduct, as outlined in Volume 4 of the Armed Forces (Civilian Employees) Regulations, 1977, has been breached…
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The service code of conduct is typically included in the training and induction process for civilian employees. The purpose of the service code of…
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48
0/100
Does regular anti-corruption training take place for military and civilian personnel?
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There are no publicly available data from the websites of the Ghana Armed Forces and the MOD to suggests that there are anti-corruption training…
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There are no publicly available data from the websites of the Ghana Armed Forces and the MOD to suggests that there are anti-corruption training…
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There are no publicly available data from the websites of the Ghana Armed Forces and the MOD to suggests that there are anti-corruption training…
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49
42/100
Is there a policy to make public outcomes of the prosecution of defence services personnel for corrupt activities, and is there evidence of effective prosecutions in recent years?
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The military is governed by the Armed Forces Act (1962), Act 105, the Armed Forces Regulations, and the Code of Service Discipline. However, none…
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Cases presided by court martial in Ghana are not publicly available. (1)(2)
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There are instances where formal procedures have been followed in the prosecution of force personnel, such as in the case of an alleged extortion…
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50
67/100
Are there effective measures in place to discourage facilitation payments (which are illegal in almost all countries)?
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Section 240 of the Criminal Offences Act 1960 (Act 29) specifies that giving or receiving bribes is an offense, and this applies to public…
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Formal legal processes have been enforced in cases of facilitation payments among personnel. For instance, a court case is currently underway involving certain members…
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The security sector is not immune from widespread recruitment scams which, in some cases, involve serving personnel. An instance is a recruitment scam by…
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0
NA/100
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Leadership Behaviour
Q34
NA/100
Do the Defence Ministry, Defence Minister, Chiefs of Defence, and Single Service Chiefs publicly commit, through, for example, speeches, media interviews, or political mandates, to anti-corruption and integrity measures?
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Q35
NA/100
Are there effective measures in place for personnel found to have taken part in forms of bribery and corruption, and is there evidence that these measures are being carried out?
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Q36
NA/100
Is whistleblowing encouraged by the government, and are whistle-blowers in military and defence ministries afforded adequate protection from reprisal for reporting evidence of corruption, in both law and practice?
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Q37
NA/100
Is special attention paid to the selection, time in post, and oversight of personnel in sensitive positions, including officials and personnel in defence procurement, contracting, financial management, and commercial management?
View QuestionPayroll, Promotions, Appointments, Rewards
Q38
NA/100
Is the number of civilian and military personnel accurately known and publicly available?
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Q39
NA/100
Are pay rates and allowances for civilian and military personnel openly published?
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Q40
NA/100
Do personnel receive the correct pay on time, and is the system of payment well-established, routine, and published?
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Q41
NA/100
Is there an established, independent, transparent, and objective appointment system for the selection of military personnel at middle and top management level?
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Q42
NA/100
Are personnel promoted through an objective, meritocratic process? Such a process would include promotion boards outside of the command chain, strong formal appraisal processes, and independent oversight.
View QuestionConscription and Recruitment
Q43
NA/100
Where compulsory conscription occurs, is there a policy of not accepting bribes for avoiding conscription? Are there appropriate procedures in place to deal with such bribery, and are they applied?
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Q44
NA/100
is there a policy of refusing bribes to gain preferred postings? Are there appropriate procedures in place to deal with such bribery, and are they applied?
View QuestionSalary Chain
Values and Standards
Q46
NA/100
Is there a Code of Conduct for all military personnel that includes, but is not limited to, guidance with respect to bribery, gifts and hospitality, conflicts of interest, and post-separation activities? Is there evidence that breaches of the Code of Conduct are effectively addressed?
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Q47
NA/100
Is there a Code of Conduct for all civilian personnel that includes, but is not limited to, guidance with respect to bribery, gifts and hospitality, conflicts of interest, and post-separation activities? Is there evidence that breaches of the Code of Conduct are effectively addressed?
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Q48
NA/100
Does regular anti-corruption training take place for military and civilian personnel?
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Q49
NA/100
Is there a policy to make public outcomes of the prosecution of defence services personnel for corrupt activities, and is there evidence of effective prosecutions in recent years?
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Q50
NA/100