Personnel Risk:
Very High
Score:
31/100
Leadership Behaviour
Q34
50/100
Do the Defence Ministry, Defence Minister, Chiefs of Defence, and Single Service Chiefs publicly commit, through, for example, speeches, media interviews, or political mandates, to anti-corruption and integrity measures?
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There is a commitment by the Ministry of Defence to enhance anti-corruption measures and build integrity in the MOD. However, if internal communications are…
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The MOD’s commitment is more often demonstrated during public interventions and statements by the minister and senior staff, as well as during events and…
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Sporadic statements from senior armed forces officers mostly refer to the promotion of self-discipline, integrity, and professionalism among the Armed Forces personnel rather than…
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Q35
63/100
Are there effective measures in place for personnel found to have taken part in forms of bribery and corruption, and is there evidence that these measures are being carried out?
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The Ghana Armed Forces Act, 1962 (Act 105) and the Armed Forces Regulation (AFR) give a wide range of clearly defined offences in law…
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Cases of investigation and prosecution have been reported by the media. For instance, on May 2018 the Ghana Armed Forces’ Disciplinary Board sanctioned five…
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Q36
25/100
Is whistleblowing encouraged by the government, and are whistle-blowers in military and defence ministries afforded adequate protection from reprisal for reporting evidence of corruption, in both law and practice?
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Ghana’s legislation on whistleblowing, the Whistleblower Act, 2006 (Act 720), applies to military, police, and intelligence personnel (1). Article. 12, explicitly mentions protection for…
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Training, information and guidance on the reporting of corruption and protection for whistleblowers are provided by CSOs and Ghanaian public institutions. For instance, in…
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According to the Ghana Anti-Corruption Coalition (GAAC), more protection should be provided to whistleblowers. Currently, the Whistleblower Amendment Act and the Witness Protection Bill…
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Q37
0/100
Is special attention paid to the selection, time in post, and oversight of personnel in sensitive positions, including officials and personnel in defence procurement, contracting, financial management, and commercial management?
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According to the information made publicly available by the MOD through public communications and documentation, no special attention is given to personnel in sensitive…
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Because no special attention is given to personnel in sensitive positions within the defence sector, this score is marked Not Applicable. Not all positions…
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Because no special attention is given to personnel in sensitive positions within the defence sector, this score is marked Not Applicable. If there are…
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Payroll, Promotions, Appointments, Rewards
Q38
0/100
Is the number of civilian and military personnel accurately known and publicly available?
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The MOD does not provide an official number of military personnel employed. Despite providing some information about the activities of the Ghanaian military personnel,…
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Information on the number of military personnel is not made publicly available. Information on the number of civilian personnel is published on the Ghana…
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Although the procedure for paying salaries is laid out and headcounts are routinely done; in the past year amongst the military (1), there have…
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Q39
13/100
Are pay rates and allowances for civilian and military personnel openly published?
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Q40
50/100
Do personnel receive the correct pay on time, and is the system of payment well-established, routine, and published?
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Personnel receive their pay on time, however military personnel involved in peacekeeping missions have complained about delays in the past five years (1). The…
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Personnel receive their pay on time through the Accountant Generals Department (1), (2), (3). Information about the salaries of military personnel is not made…
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Payments were switched to the Single Spine Salary Structure in 2010, which improved transparency and the accuracy of payments somewhat (1). The payment system…
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Q41
0/100
Is there an established, independent, transparent, and objective appointment system for the selection of military personnel at middle and top management level?
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Appointments of military personnel at high levels are made by the president in consultation with the Council of State. The appointments have immediate effect…
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Appointments are subject to scrutiny by the Council of State. However, the Council is also appointed by the president. The Parliamentary Appointments Committee, despite…
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No information regarding the requirement and selection criteria of the appointment process is made publicly available by the MOD, GAF, or the Office of…
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Q42
0/100
Are personnel promoted through an objective, meritocratic process? Such a process would include promotion boards outside of the command chain, strong formal appraisal processes, and independent oversight.
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Promotions follow a similar process as appointments, the president, who is also the Commander in Chief, promotes the military personnel based on the recommendations…
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No information is made publicly available by the MOD or the GAF regarding the existence of a regulation limiting the possibility of awarding ranks…
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Little to no information is released about postings or the promotion cycle. The only information that is sometimes disclosed (i.e. CV, position, etc.) is…
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Because little to no information is released about postings or the promotion cycle, this indicator is scored Not Applicable.
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Conscription and Recruitment
Q43
NA/100
Where compulsory conscription occurs, is there a policy of not accepting bribes for avoiding conscription? Are there appropriate procedures in place to deal with such bribery, and are they applied?
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Q44
83/100
is there a policy of refusing bribes to gain preferred postings? Are there appropriate procedures in place to deal with such bribery, and are they applied?
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Section 239-245 of the Criminal Offences Act, 1960 (Act 29) criminalises corruption of and by a public officer or juror (“Every public officer or…
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Corruption cases are prosecuted as misdemeanours, which upon conviction result in a maximum of three years in prison. However, in March 2017, the current…
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Despite a strong legal and political framework, there are still significant gaps in the implementation of anti-bribery measures. A lack of funds and staff…
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Salary Chain
Chains of command are separated from chains of payment (3), (4), (5). The Forces Pay Regiment (FPR), which operates under the Support Services Brigade…
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Values and Standards
Q46
50/100
Is there a Code of Conduct for all military personnel that includes, but is not limited to, guidance with respect to bribery, gifts and hospitality, conflicts of interest, and post-separation activities? Is there evidence that breaches of the Code of Conduct are effectively addressed?
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There is a Code of ethics for military personnel. It is not made publicly available (1), (2).
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The Ghanaian Army, Air Force, and Navy have a code of conduct and take classes on it, but it is not clear whether they…
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Investigations on breaches of the code of conduct are reported on in the media. For instance, in October 2016, a soldier was sanctioned upon…
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The Ghanaian Army, Air Force, and Navy have a code of conduct and take classes on it, but it is not clear whether they…
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Q47
NEI/100
Is there a Code of Conduct for all civilian personnel that includes, but is not limited to, guidance with respect to bribery, gifts and hospitality, conflicts of interest, and post-separation activities? Is there evidence that breaches of the Code of Conduct are effectively addressed?
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Article 284 of Chapter 24 regulates conflict of interest for public officers (“A public officer shall not put himself in a position where his…
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The code of conduct for public officers is publically available, but it is not clear how effectively it is distributed to all civilian personnel…
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This indicator has not been assigned a score due to insufficient information or evidence.
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This indicator has not been assigned a score due to insufficient information or evidence. The code of conduct for public officers is publically available,…
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Q48
0/100
Does regular anti-corruption training take place for military and civilian personnel?
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Despite a public commitment in fighting corruption and building integrity among military personnel, the MOD doesn’t hold any anti-corruption training for its members or…
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As there is no anti-corruption training, this indicator is marked Not Applicable.
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As there is no anti-corruption training, this indicator is marked Not Applicable.
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Q49
NEI/100
Is there a policy to make public outcomes of the prosecution of defence services personnel for corrupt activities, and is there evidence of effective prosecutions in recent years?
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The military justice system is based upon the Armed Forces Act (1962), Act 105. The act does not provide a publication of the outcomes…
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Information on prosecutions is not made publicly available. Neither the MOD or the GAF publish the outcomes of prosecution, the media occasionally cover the…
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This indicator has not been assigned a score due to insufficient information or evidence. According to the most recent Afrobarometer survey, the judiciary is…
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Q50
50/100
Are there effective measures in place to discourage facilitation payments (which are illegal in almost all countries)?
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Section 240 of the Criminal Offences Act states that an officer is guilty of corruption if he is influenced by a “gift, promise, or…
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Despite the judiciary being perceived as the second-most corrupt institution in Ghana (1), which leads to questions of its effectiveness, there have been cases…
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The facilitation of payments is a widespread corruption practice in Ghana (1).
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