Financial Risk:

High

Score:

42/100

Asset Disposals

Collapse
Q24 33/100

How effective are controls over the disposal of assets, and is information on these disposals, and the proceeds of their sale, transparent?

View Question
Controls Score: 75 / 100
Like all ministries and state corporations, the Ministry of Defence (MOD) and the Kenya Defence Forces are governed by The Public Procurement and Assets…
Explore
Transparency of disposal process Score: 25 / 100
The Public Procurement and Assets Disposal Act (PPADA), 2020, provides clear regulations on how public entities including Ministry of Defence (MOD) and Kenya Defence…
Explore
Transparency of financial results of disposals Score: 0 / 100
Despite the recent progress made in developing national policies that now require ministries and state corporations including national security institutions, to report to the…
Explore
Q25 50/100

Is independent and transparent scrutiny of asset disposals conducted by defence establishments, and are the reports of such scrutiny publicly available?

View Question
Scrutiny Score: 50 / 100
A recent initiative by the National Treasury now requires ministries and state corporations including national security institutions like Ministry of Defence (MOD), Kenya Defence…
Explore
Independence Score: 50 / 100
There is limited evidence to suggest whether or not the executive or the military undermines scrutiny by audit bodies specifically relating to asset disposals.…
Explore
Transparency Score: 50 / 100
Data on asset disposal within government agencies including the defence sector is generally minimal. [1] The only publicly available information is from the Office…
Explore

Secret Budgets

Expand
Q26 0/100

What percentage of defence and security expenditure in the budget year is dedicated to spending on secret items relating to national security and the intelligence services?

View Question
Score: 0 / 100
Information on Kenya’s military expenditure is accessible through the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), an independent resource on global security. Reports on expenditure,…
Explore
Q27 0/100

Is the legislature (or the appropriate legislative committee or members of the legislature) given full information for the budget year on the spending of all secret items relating to national security and military intelligence?

View Question
Score: 0 / 100
Disposal of secret items in the Ministry of Defence is under the control of the procurement and disposal division of the ministry. The provision…
Explore
Q28 75/100

Are audit reports of the annual accounts of the security sector (the military and intelligence services) subject to parliamentary debate?

View Question
Comprehensiveness Score: 75 / 100
The Office of the Auditor-General (OAG) conducts annual in-depth financial audits of all ministries and state corporations including Ministry of Defence (MOD) and National…
Explore
Parliamentary scrutiny Score: 75 / 100
There is Parliamentary scrutiny with regard to audit reports of the Ministry of Defence (MOD) and the National Intelligence Service (NIS) [1]. Senior officials,…
Explore
Q29 17/100

In law, are off-budget military expenditures permitted, and if so, are they exceptional occurrences that are well-controlled? In practice, are there any off-budget military expenditures? If so, does evidence suggest this involves illicit economic activity?

View Question
Permitted exceptions Score: 0 / 100
Off-budget expenditure in government is generally permitted and this does not exclude the military. Section 223 of the Kenyan Constitution permits the government, with…
Explore
Recording mechanisms Score: 0 / 100
In general, there is limited information on off-budget expenditure by national security institutions, including Ministry of Defence and National Intelligence Service (NIS). In Supplementary…
Explore
Prevalence Score: 50 / 100
Ministry of Defence (MOD) and National Intelligence Service (NIS) has always had an off-budget military expenditure. [1] However, it is unclear how often such…
Explore
Q30 38/100

Are mechanisms for accessing information from the defence sector effective?

View Question
Legal framework Score: 50 / 100
In law, according to the Access to Information Act No. 31 of 2016, every citizen has the right of access to information held by…
Explore
Classification of information Score: NS / 100
This indicator is Not Scored in the GDI. The Access to Information Act No.31 of 2016 sets the guidlines on the rights to access…
Explore
Effectiveness Score: 25 / 100
Despite clear guidelines including what limits are there to sensitive and classified information under the Access to Information Act No. 31 of 2016, access…
Explore
Q31 50/100

Do national defence and security institutions have beneficial ownership of commercial businesses? If so, how transparent are details of the operations and finances of such businesses?

View Question
Extent of commercial ventures Score: 50 / 100
The Kenya Defence Forces conducts varied commercial businesses. Recently, Kenya Defence forces launched the Kenya Shipyards limited. The company is an incorporated State company…
Explore
Transparency Score: 50 / 100
The public has some level of awareness of the commercial activities conducted by the KDF, but there is no apparent transparency of the entire…
Explore

Military-owned Businesses

Expand
Q32 50/100

Are military-owned businesses subject to transparent independent scrutiny at a recognised international standard?

View Question
Independent scrutiny Score: 50 / 100
Military operations in Kenya are subject to audits by KDF’s internal audit division. [1] At the same time, the Ministry of Defence is subject…
Explore
Transparency Score: 50 / 100
Audit details from the Ministry of Defence’s audit reports are made public by the office of the Auditor-General. The details are available on the…
Explore

Illegal Private Enterprise

Expand
Q33 88/100

Is there evidence of unauthorised private enterprise by military or other defence ministry employees? If so, what is the government’s reaction to such enterprise?

View Question
Prohibition Score: 100 / 100
The Kenya Defence Forces Act of 2012 section 95, schedule 2, prohibits members of the forces including those in the Defence Council from engagement…
Explore
Prevalence Score: 75 / 100
Unauthorised private enterprise can be said to be conducted by only a few individuals within the KDF. The reason for this observation is that…
Explore

Actual Military Spending

Expand
Q77 63/100

Is comprehensive data on actual spending on defence published during the budget year?

View Question
Proactive publication Score: 50 / 100
Accounting officers of all government ministries including Ministry of Defence (MOD) are required both by the section 226 (1) of the Constitution and section…
Explore
Comprehensiveness Score: 50 / 100
Data on Kenya’s Ministry of Defence (MOD) expenditure alongside other government ministries and state corporations is published annually by a number of institutions, among…
Explore
Timeliness Score: 100 / 100
Section 81 of the Public Finance Management Act No 18 of 2012 requires Ministry of Defence (MOD) to prepare and submit its financial statements…
Explore
Comparison against budget Score: 50 / 100
Office of the Controller of Budgets (OCOB) and the National Treasury publish both budgets and expenditure financial statements from all government ministries and state…
Explore