Personnel Risk:
Very High
Score:
21/100
Leadership Behaviour
Q34
0/100
Do the Defence Ministry, Defence Minister, Chiefs of Defence, and Single Service Chiefs publicly commit, through, for example, speeches, media interviews, or political mandates, to anti-corruption and integrity measures?
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The assessor has found no evidence online that the Ministry of Defence issues internal communications or has adopted clear commitments to tackle corruption within…
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President IBK, who is also head of the armed forces, promoted 2014, his first full calendar year in office, as ‘the year against corruption’…
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Searches of online sources have not found any evidence of military commanders making public commitments to combat corruption.[1] There is also no mention of…
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Q35
50/100
Are there effective measures in place for personnel found to have taken part in forms of bribery and corruption, and is there evidence that these measures are being carried out?
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The Penal Code specifically outlaws corruption and acts of bribery for all public servants, including military personnel. Article 121 states that “Anyone that, in…
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Investigations relating to corruption in the state administration, including the armed forces, frequently take place, but they rarely result in prosecutions. For instance, in…
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Q36
0/100
Is whistleblowing encouraged by the government, and are whistle-blowers in military and defence ministries afforded adequate protection from reprisal for reporting evidence of corruption, in both law and practice?
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A US Department of State Report from 2013 determined that “[Malian] law provides no protection for public or private employees for lawfully disclosing evidence…
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The lack of legal protections for whistle-blowers in the government’s anti-corruption bill in 2014, coupled with the detention of Oumar Keïta (see 36C), indicates…
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In 2018, the authorities arrested and detained a military sergeant, Oumar Keïta, after a video was posted online in which he made damaging allegations…
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Q37
0/100
Is special attention paid to the selection, time in post, and oversight of personnel in sensitive positions, including officials and personnel in defence procurement, contracting, financial management, and commercial management?
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There is strong evidence showing that there is no recognition within the government that certain areas of the armed forces are more at risk…
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Because no special attention is paid to personnel in high-risk positions, this indicator has been marked Not Applicable. A defence attaché working in Bamako…
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Because no special attention is paid to personnel in high-risk positions, this indicator has been marked Not Applicable. The appointment of Ibrahim Dahirou Dembélé…
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Payroll, Promotions, Appointments, Rewards
Q38
0/100
Is the number of civilian and military personnel accurately known and publicly available?
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The lack of transparency and the disorder within the security forces mean that the Malian authorities are not even sure of the exact number…
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The Ministry of Defence and the Malian armed forces are not in a position to release credible data on the number of personnel in…
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The assessor found strong evidence that ghost soldiers have been a problem for the armed forces during the past five years. Given that there…
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Q39
25/100
Are pay rates and allowances for civilian and military personnel openly published?
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There is an established system for salaries and allowances for civil servants and military officials. While some salary figures are published, they are incomplete…
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Publicly available information relating to allowances for civilian and military personnel is scant. Decree n° 96.16/P.RM provides superficial information on military allowances. Members of…
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Q40
25/100
Do personnel receive the correct pay on time, and is the system of payment well-established, routine, and published?
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There are occasionally short delays in the payment of salaries, bonuses and allowances to members of the armed forces, police and other civil servants.…
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The weak oversight system and heterogeneity of management methods can lead to serious irregularities in the payment of salaries and bonuses. In March 2016,…
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Certain details regarding the payment system are available, but the degree of transparency is low. As part of the current government’s military reforms, the…
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Q41
25/100
Is there an established, independent, transparent, and objective appointment system for the selection of military personnel at middle and top management level?
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Formal processes are now in place for the appointment of senior military personnel. But political considerations continue to unduly influence the selection process. The…
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The assessor found no evidence that the appointments of more senior military personnel are subject to external scrutiny. The process of such appointments is…
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While information is available about the legal framework for recruitment and appointment of military personnel, there is no evidence of processes in place to…
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Q42
6/100
Are personnel promoted through an objective, meritocratic process? Such a process would include promotion boards outside of the command chain, strong formal appraisal processes, and independent oversight.
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The LOPM, the government’s major programme of military reform that was adopted into law in 2015, contains provisions to improve the working environment and…
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Article 51 of the general statute for the military (see Q42A for more details) stipulates that military appointments and promotions may, in exceptional cases,…
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High-level military appointments are commonly and widely reported in national media [2,3] The government typically publishes details of the military appointments it has made…
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High-level military appointments are commonly and widely reported in national media [2,3] The government typically publishes details of the military appointments it has made…
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Conscription and Recruitment
Q43
0/100
Where compulsory conscription occurs, is there a policy of not accepting bribes for avoiding conscription? Are there appropriate procedures in place to deal with such bribery, and are they applied?
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In June 2016, parliament voted unanimously in favour of the government’s bill to reintroduce a form of conscription for the armed forces, the Youth…
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The law that reintroduced conscription does not contain any provision outlawing the payment of bribes to avoid having to serve.[1] Thus, this law contains…
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The current programme of conscription has only just been reintroduced and the first batch of 1,000 recruits will only begin their national service in…
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Q44
67/100
is there a policy of refusing bribes to gain preferred postings? Are there appropriate procedures in place to deal with such bribery, and are they applied?
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The new general statutes for the armed forces and the national police do not contain any provisions prohibiting the payment of bribes to obtain…
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Article 120 of the Penal Code states that is illegal for all civil servants, whether employed in an administrative, judicial or military capacity, to…
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Sanctions are rarely applied in cases of bribery that occur during recruitment processes. Corruption within the police force is widespread and the opportunities for…
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Salary Chain
The weak budgetary system and heterogeneity of management methods does not facilitate optimal allocation of maintenance funds. Allocations are often channelled to other uses,…
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Values and Standards
Q46
50/100
Is there a Code of Conduct for all military personnel that includes, but is not limited to, guidance with respect to bribery, gifts and hospitality, conflicts of interest, and post-separation activities? Is there evidence that breaches of the Code of Conduct are effectively addressed?
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There is a Code of conduct for all Malian military and civilian personnel that addresses ethical issues and behaviour. It is separated into four…
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The Code of Conduct is not made readily available to the public. It is available online, albeit via an obscure third-party website.¹ There is…
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Grave violations of the Code of Ethics and the Geneva Convention by the state armed forces are widespread and are rarely investigated by the…
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The Code of Conduct may not be readily available to all military personnel, but there is evidence that guidance is provided through training (1),…
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Q47
50/100
Is there a Code of Conduct for all civilian personnel that includes, but is not limited to, guidance with respect to bribery, gifts and hospitality, conflicts of interest, and post-separation activities? Is there evidence that breaches of the Code of Conduct are effectively addressed?
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There is a Code of Conduct, however, its guidance is inadequate or lacks clarity and specificity. Each public service has its own Code of…
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The respective Codes of Conduct are issued to civil servants during their induction training, which outlines the key tenets of the codes. However, the…
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Corruption is widespread within the state administration and breaches of the Code of Conduct are only occasionally investigated and enforced. Citizens are accustomed to…
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The respective Codes of Conduct are issued to civil servants during their induction training, which outlines the key tenets of the codes
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Q48
25/100
Does regular anti-corruption training take place for military and civilian personnel?
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1. Ethics in Peacekeeping (Williamsburg: Peace Operations Training Institute, 2005) http://cdn.peaceopstraining.org/course_promos/ethics/ethics_english.pdf 2. Recommandations visant à renforcer le programme anti-corruption (Mali), Réforme du secteur public…
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The assessor found no evidence to suggest that regular training on corruption issues takes place within the Malian army. But other security forces –…
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The assessor found no evidence to suggest that regular training on corruption issues takes place within the Malian army. But other security forces –…
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Q49
25/100
Is there a policy to make public outcomes of the prosecution of defence services personnel for corrupt activities, and is there evidence of effective prosecutions in recent years?
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Prosecutions of defence officials for corruption are exceedingly rare. Thus, it is difficult to judge what the policy of the Ministry of Defence is,…
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Prosecutions of defence officials for corruption are exceedingly rare, despite some legislation in place.1,2 Thus, it is difficult to judge how transparent the Ministry…
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Prosecutions of defence officials for corruption are exceedingly rare, despite some legislation in place.1,2 Allegations of corruption within the defence sector are often investigated,…
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Q50
17/100
Are there effective measures in place to discourage facilitation payments (which are illegal in almost all countries)?
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The law is insufficiently clear on the issue of facilitation payments. The Penal Code specifically outlaws corruption and acts of bribery for all public…
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Corruption is so widespread within the state administration that cases of abuse are only occasionally investigated. As noted above, in the 2011 investigation, public…
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Corruption is so widespread within the state administration that cases of abuse are only occasionally investigated. As noted above in the 2011 investigation, public…
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