Personnel Risk:
Critical
Score:
12/100
Leadership Behaviour
Q34
0/100
Do the Defence Ministry, Defence Minister, Chiefs of Defence, and Single Service Chiefs publicly commit, through, for example, speeches, media interviews, or political mandates, to anti-corruption and integrity measures?
View Question
A review of the websites of the Ministries of Defence and Interior did not yield any evidence of internal communications about civilian or military…
Explore
The head and deputy head of Sudan’s Sovereign Council are military figures who head the SAF and the RSF respectively. The head of the…
Explore
No evidence could be found on the websites operated by Sudan’s Ministries of Defence or Interior [1,2] – or in news media on the…
Explore
Q35
13/100
Are there effective measures in place for personnel found to have taken part in forms of bribery and corruption, and is there evidence that these measures are being carried out?
View Question
According to Global Integrity, Sudan’s Criminal Act of 1991 [1] criminalises active and passive bribery (Art. 88), extortion (Art. 176) and ‘criminal breach of…
Explore
A Freedom House 2020 report reads: ‘members of the al-Bashir government who engaged in bribery during his rule have escaped scrutiny in 2019, with…
Explore
Q36
0/100
Is whistleblowing encouraged by the government, and are whistle-blowers in military and defence ministries afforded adequate protection from reprisal for reporting evidence of corruption, in both law and practice?
View Question
Citing sources that themselves ultimately reference Sudan’s criminal code, GAN Integrity reported in 2016 that whistleblowers in Sudan are protected when reporting corruption [1].…
Explore
In a report on the Bashir regime, Global Integrity stated: ‘There is no independent body mandated to receive and investigate cases of alleged public…
Explore
Given the complicity of the military’s leadership in corruption, internal reports of corruption would only be tolerated (or possibly even be considered ‘corruption’ by…
Explore
Q37
0/100
Is special attention paid to the selection, time in post, and oversight of personnel in sensitive positions, including officials and personnel in defence procurement, contracting, financial management, and commercial management?
View Question
To the extent that the government recognises that certain positions may be more open to corruption opportunities than others, the fact that Sudan’s government…
Explore
This indicator is marked Not Applicable. To the extent that the government recognises that certain positions may be more open to corruption opportunities than…
Explore
This indicator is marked Not Applicable. To the extent that the government recognises that certain positions may be more open to corruption opportunities than…
Explore
Payroll, Promotions, Appointments, Rewards
Q38
0/100
Is the number of civilian and military personnel accurately known and publicly available?
View Question
A 2020 report published by the Africa Center for Strategic Studies notes that both Sudan’s current Constitution and the Juba Peace Agreement ‘narrowly define…
Explore
No officially reported cumulative number of civilian and military personnel could be found via an internet search, which included a review of the Ministry…
Explore
There is Not Enough Information to score this indicator. Since there is no reliable information about the number of soldiers in Sudan’s militarised forces,…
Explore
Q39
0/100
Are pay rates and allowances for civilian and military personnel openly published?
View Question
It was not possible to find any reliable information about pay rates. In any case, rates for more senior officers wouldn’t include reference to…
Explore
A review of the Ministry of Defence website (which is not in operation) did not yield any evidence that information on allowances is publicly…
Explore
Q40
17/100
Do personnel receive the correct pay on time, and is the system of payment well-established, routine, and published?
View Question
According to an expert on Sudan’s defence sector, the Army has almost always paid on time, but the police less so [1]. He said…
Explore
In his report on Sudan’s political marketplace, De Waal explains that SAF soldiers are paid through regular army channels, while RSF commanders receive cash…
Explore
A review of the websites of the Ministries of Defence, Interior and Finance [1,2,3], as well as an internet search, suggests that the payment…
Explore
Q41
0/100
Is there an established, independent, transparent, and objective appointment system for the selection of military personnel at middle and top management level?
View Question
A report published by the Africa Center for Strategic Studies in November 2020 observes that, while ‘the Sudan Peace Agreement emphasises building a professional…
Explore
The Armed Forces Act of 2007 specifies only that the President shall appoint officers [1]. In such a case, even Parliament could only call…
Explore
No information about appointment processes could be found on the websites of the Ministries of Defence and Interior [1,2]. The Armed Forces Act of…
Explore
Q42
0/100
Are personnel promoted through an objective, meritocratic process? Such a process would include promotion boards outside of the command chain, strong formal appraisal processes, and independent oversight.
View Question
Article 21 (1) of the Sudan Armed Forces Act, 2007, reads: ‘Promotions of officers shall be made by decision of the President of the…
Explore
There is Not Enough Information to score this indcator as no information could be found to support a reliable answer to this question. Given…
Explore
No information could be found during a search of the websites of Sudan’s Ministry of Defence or Ministry of Interior [1,2], nor during an…
Explore
No information about postings or promotions could be found during a search of the websites of Sudan’s Ministry of Defence or Ministry of Interior…
Explore
Conscription and Recruitment
Q43
63/100
Where compulsory conscription occurs, is there a policy of not accepting bribes for avoiding conscription? Are there appropriate procedures in place to deal with such bribery, and are they applied?
View Question
Sudan’s Criminal Act of 1991 defines bribery as a punishable offence across and throughout the government, but is not specific to the defence and…
Explore
Though no specific reference is made to bribery, the 1992 National Service Act [1] enables the assignment of penalties as follows: imprisonment for up…
Explore
There was insufficient information about the extent to which sanctions are applied in the event of conscription-related bribery to assess a score for this…
Explore
Q44
67/100
is there a policy of refusing bribes to gain preferred postings? Are there appropriate procedures in place to deal with such bribery, and are they applied?
View Question
A search of the websites of the Ministries of Defence and Interior did not yield any reference to a policy or rule specifically against…
Explore
A review of the websites of the Ministries of Defence and Interior [1,2], as well as the Armed Forces Act [3], suggests that there…
Explore
A review of the websites of the Ministries of Defence and Interior [1,2] does not yield any evidence that the ministries are concerned about…
Explore
Salary Chain
The SAF pays through regular army channels (payroll), while RSF commanders receive and disburse their troops’ salaries in hard currency [1]. Please also see…
Explore
Values and Standards
Q46
0/100
Is there a Code of Conduct for all military personnel that includes, but is not limited to, guidance with respect to bribery, gifts and hospitality, conflicts of interest, and post-separation activities? Is there evidence that breaches of the Code of Conduct are effectively addressed?
View Question
No evidence could be found that a Code of Conduct specifically for military personnel existed during the Bashir regime or exists for military personnel…
Explore
There is no available evidence that the SAF has a Code of Conduct and if there is such a document, it is not published…
Explore
This indicator is marked Not Applicable as there is no available evidence that the SAF has a Code of Conduct and if there is…
Explore
There is likely no training available with respect to a relevant Code of Conduct because there is no available evidence that the SAF has…
Explore
Q47
0/100
Is there a Code of Conduct for all civilian personnel that includes, but is not limited to, guidance with respect to bribery, gifts and hospitality, conflicts of interest, and post-separation activities? Is there evidence that breaches of the Code of Conduct are effectively addressed?
View Question
No evidence could be found of a Code of Conduct that civilian personnel must agree to follow. However, the Sudanese Criminal Act of 1991…
Explore
No evidence could be found of a Code of Conduct that civilian personnel must agree to follow. This indicator is therefore marked Not Applicable…
Explore
No evidence could be found of a Code of Conduct that civilian personnel must agree to follow. This indicator is therefore marked Not Applicable…
Explore
No evidence could be found of a Code of Conduct that civilian personnel must agree to follow. This indicator is therefore marked Not Applicable…
Explore
Q48
0/100
Does regular anti-corruption training take place for military and civilian personnel?
View Question
A search of the websites of the Ministries of Defence and Interior [1,2], as well as a broader internet search, yielded no evidence that…
Explore
No evidence could be found that the government proactively provides anti-corruption training to any of its defence or security personnel. As such, this indicator…
Explore
No evidence could be found that the government proactively provides anti-corruption training to any of its defence or security personnel. As such, this indicator…
Explore
Q49
8/100
Is there a policy to make public outcomes of the prosecution of defence services personnel for corrupt activities, and is there evidence of effective prosecutions in recent years?
View Question
No evidence could be found that the Bashir regime or its Ministry of Defence had a written policy to make information about defence-related and…
Explore
Information on prosecutions is not made publicly available as a matter of routine, but rather selectively, when the release of such information is intended…
Explore
A 2020 report by Bertelsmann Stiftung summarised that ‘accusations of corruption are used as a political instrument to arrest and prosecute persons who have…
Explore
Q50
33/100
Are there effective measures in place to discourage facilitation payments (which are illegal in almost all countries)?
View Question
GAN Integrity’s Sudan report reads: ‘Active and passive bribery, gifts and facilitation payments are prohibited in the public sector’. However, this is not specific…
Explore
GAN Integrity’s report on Sudan reads: ‘Active and passive bribery, gifts and facilitation payments are prohibited in the public sector, but enforcement is weak……
Explore
GAN Integrity’s report on Sudan reads: ‘Public servants are known to demand extra facilitation payments for services that individuals or companies are legally entitled…
Explore