Personnel Risk:
High
Score:
42/100
Leadership Behaviour
Q34
58/100
Do the Defence Ministry, Defence Minister, Chiefs of Defence, and Single Service Chiefs publicly commit, through, for example, speeches, media interviews, or political mandates, to anti-corruption and integrity measures?
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The announcement of the Royal Thai Armed Forces Headquarters on Ethical Operations, made by Commander-in-Chief of the Army on May 25, 2017, indicates the…
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When the NCPO seized power on May 22, 2014, one of the justifications it gave to the public was the high levels of corruption…
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According to the Anti-Corruption Charter of the Royal Thai Army, published in 2012, senior ministry staff and senior armed forces officers should raise awareness…
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Q35
25/100
Are there effective measures in place for personnel found to have taken part in forms of bribery and corruption, and is there evidence that these measures are being carried out?
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Under the Constitution of 2017, the Organic Act on Counter Corruption (OACC) remains in effect [1]. The Organic Law on Counter Corruption (1999) criminalises corrupt practices…
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Even though the junta government rose to power by promoting its anti-corruption crusade against the administration of then-Prime Minister Yingluck Shinawatra, the generals themselves have…
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Q36
8/100
Is whistleblowing encouraged by the government, and are whistle-blowers in military and defence ministries afforded adequate protection from reprisal for reporting evidence of corruption, in both law and practice?
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The Regulations of the Ministry of Defence on the Investigations of the Office of the Inspector General B.E. 2552 (2009) state that the documents…
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Since the adoption of the Military Disciplinary Act in 1933, there have been problems with the lack of appeal-making policies and procedures, which enables…
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Although the Commander-in-Chief ordered the establishment of a direct hotline to him as a part of the new whistleblowing policy, many interviewed military officials…
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Q37
0/100
Is special attention paid to the selection, time in post, and oversight of personnel in sensitive positions, including officials and personnel in defence procurement, contracting, financial management, and commercial management?
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According to the Regulations of Prime Minister Office on Procurement Administration 1992, Article 11, the Committee for Procurement is responsible for monitoring procurement management.…
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This indicator is marked ‘Not Applicable’, as there is no recognition that some positions are more at risk to corruption. As stated in Army…
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This indicator is marked ‘Not Applicable’, as there is no recognition that some positions are more at risk of corruption. The decisions regarding the…
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Payroll, Promotions, Appointments, Rewards
Q38
0/100
Is the number of civilian and military personnel accurately known and publicly available?
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In 1991, by the cabinet’s resolution, the Ministry of Finance, introduced the central provident fund system, which led to the establishment of the Government…
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No accurate information on the number of civilian and military personnel is actually made publicly available by the Ministry of Defence. Nonetheless, there is…
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In Thailand, ghost soldiers are mainly evident in two scenarios. First, some soldiers decide to pay or give their salaries to their commanders in…
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Q39
100/100
Are pay rates and allowances for civilian and military personnel openly published?
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Pay rates for all civilian and military personnel are publicly available and disaggregated by rank. This is detailed in the public pay rate structure…
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Information on allowances for all civilian and military personnel, including the criteria for eligibility and the calculation methods, are openly published in two major…
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Q40
58/100
Do personnel receive the correct pay on time, and is the system of payment well-established, routine, and published?
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According to the Royal Decree on Salaries, Pension and Other Kinds of Incomes 1992, Section 20, salary payments for civil servants must be completed…
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In 2018, the Comptroller General’s Department announced a new policy requiring the MoD to pay salaries to each military official’s account through the E-Social…
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The annex in the Military Service Act 2008 details the pay brackets for all ranks, disaggregated by seniority, and the allowances for all civilian…
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Q41
8/100
Is there an established, independent, transparent, and objective appointment system for the selection of military personnel at middle and top management level?
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The criteria for the selection of military personnel are defined in the Regulations of Ministry of Defence on Appointment and Promotion of Military Officers…
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According to the Regulations of Ministry of Defence on Appointment and Promotion of Military Officers 1998, Section 16, the appointment and promotion of military…
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Little to no information is released about the appointment process since the decision is made internally by the committee formulated within the MoD [1].…
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Q42
50/100
Are personnel promoted through an objective, meritocratic process? Such a process would include promotion boards outside of the command chain, strong formal appraisal processes, and independent oversight.
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According to the Regulations of Ministry of Defence on Appointment and Promotion of Military Officers 1998 and the Ministerial Regulations on Criteria and Procedures…
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In addition to the appointment and promotion of military personnel, which is conducted through formal appraisal processes and promotions boards, the military permits other…
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Military personnel are allowed to request promotion twice a year (in April and October) every year [1]. The result of each appointment is publicly…
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Military personnel are allowed to request promotion twice a year (in April and October) every year [1]. The results are published afterwards through the…
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Conscription and Recruitment
Q43
67/100
Where compulsory conscription occurs, is there a policy of not accepting bribes for avoiding conscription? Are there appropriate procedures in place to deal with such bribery, and are they applied?
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According to the Military Service Act 1954, Section 44-45, conscription is compulsory in Thailand. It states that any man who avoids conscription by any…
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According to the Military Service Act 1954, Section 44-45, conscription is compulsory in Thailand. It states that any man who avoids conscription by any…
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Even though possible sanctions for bribery offences committed in order to avoid compulsory conscription do exist, including criminal prosecution and considerable financial penalties, the…
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Q44
67/100
is there a policy of refusing bribes to gain preferred postings? Are there appropriate procedures in place to deal with such bribery, and are they applied?
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According to the Anti-Corruption Act 2018, Section 173, any state official offering, giving, receiving or soliciting bribes shall be fined 100,000-400,000 baht, imprisoned for…
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According to the Anti-Corruption Act 2018, Section 173, any state official offering, giving, receiving or soliciting bribes shall be fined 100,000-400,000 baht, imprisoned for…
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According to Hadrien Saperstein (2020), the promotion of officers across the military is more dependent on the candidate’s pre-cadet class (who mostly are from rich…
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Salary Chain
In 2018, the Comptroller General’s Department announced a new policy that requires the MoD to pay salaries to each military official’s account via the…
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Values and Standards
Q46
69/100
Is there a Code of Conduct for all military personnel that includes, but is not limited to, guidance with respect to bribery, gifts and hospitality, conflicts of interest, and post-separation activities? Is there evidence that breaches of the Code of Conduct are effectively addressed?
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In 2018, the Commander-in-Chief approved the Strategic Plan on Corruption Prevention and Suppression within the Royal Thai Armed Forces Headquarters. He also approved the…
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The Strategic Plan on Corruption Prevention and Suppression within the Royal Thai Armed Forces Headquarters 2018 and the Masterplan and Operational Code of Conduct…
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The National Strategy on Corruption Prevention and Suppression within the Ministry of Defence 2017-2021, which includes the Masterplan and Operational Code of Conduct for…
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The Strategic Plan on Corruption Prevention and Suppression within the Royal Thai Armed Forces Headquarters 2018 and the Masterplan and Operational Code of Conduct…
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Q47
50/100
Is there a Code of Conduct for all civilian personnel that includes, but is not limited to, guidance with respect to bribery, gifts and hospitality, conflicts of interest, and post-separation activities? Is there evidence that breaches of the Code of Conduct are effectively addressed?
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The Civil Servants Act 2008, Section 85, defines and prohibits bribery, gifts and hospitality and conflicts of interest [1]. In addition, the Civil Service…
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Fundamentally, laws and national strategies regarding anti-corruption policy are communicated to all civilian personnel in accordance with the short-term and long-term masterplans and strategies…
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Even though many laws and national strategies concerning corruption issues have been implemented for a long time, breaches of the Code of Conduct are…
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According to the Civil Servants Act 2008, Section 79, supervising officials are only required to order a civil servant to undertake the Code of…
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Q48
58/100
Does regular anti-corruption training take place for military and civilian personnel?
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According to the Code of Conduct on Corruption Prevention and Suppression, implemented by the Royal Thai Armed Forces Headquarters, activities are regularly conducted to…
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According to the Code of Conduct on Corruption Prevention and Suppression 2019, formal anti-corruption training must be conducted every year for military and civilian…
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According to the Code of Conduct on Corruption Prevention and Suppression 2019, formal anti-corruption training must be conducted at all military levels [1]. According…
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Q49
33/100
Is there a policy to make public outcomes of the prosecution of defence services personnel for corrupt activities, and is there evidence of effective prosecutions in recent years?
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During the NCPO’s regime, led by Prayut Chan Chan-o-cha since the 2014 coup, NCPO Order No. 69/2257 was issued to broadly define the prosecution…
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During the six-year rule of the NCPO’s regime led by Gen Prayut, NCPO Order NO. 69/2257 was issued to broadly define the prosecution procedures…
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In 2014, the Committee for Anti-Corruption was established but it was entirely made up of military generals. Two years later, there was a law…
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Q50
33/100
Are there effective measures in place to discourage facilitation payments (which are illegal in almost all countries)?
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Legally, the OACC prohibits state officials from receiving any type of payments, which would include both bribes and facilitation payments. Therefore, it is illegal…
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In Thailand, anti-corruption legislation is insufficiently enforced and facilitation payments and gifts are practically common. Facilitation payments made to civil servants who are responsible for regulatory…
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In Thailand, facilitation payments and gifts are practically common, especially facilitation payments made to civil servants responsible for regulatory bodies [1]. After the general election in…
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