Mozambique

Mozambique’s defence sector faces significant gaps between law and implementation. While sanctions and whistleblowing protections are in place, effectiveness remains limited, and facilitation payments persist despite anti-bribery provisions. Procurement follows formal planning but allows little open competition and discloses few purchase details. Although the defence budget is broadly comprehensive, financial risks persist due to extensive secret items and limited legislative access to information. The absence of corruption as a strategic concern in military doctrine further shows weak operational risk management.