The salary is paid not randomly but it is based on indicators (the grade/level, diploma) as provided by decrees and laws .[1].[2] Even if the staff’s salaries are not published with deisaggregated information, this is a public information and any person can calculate the salary based on the indicators (23).

Allowances due to all civilian and military personnel are openly published, including criteria for eligibility and calculation methods [1]. The amount of these allowances are not publicly available, because it follows the criteria already provided by decrees and laws. [2].[3]

Pay rates for all civilian and military personnel are published in service publications, broken down by rank. They can be found in the valves of the human resources department of the Ministry of Defence but no information is made available to the general public but when you need it, you can ask for it and get it. [1][2] This is a major development since the increase in salaries in the Defence and security sector in April 2023. [3]

Allowances are not published. [1] [2]

Pay rates from most civilian and militaray personnel appear to be published and accessible on internet. A decree from February 2024 increasing monthly salaries for civil servants and military personnel was published and contains pay rates disaggregated by ranks[1].

The aAllowances designated for civilian and military personnel are generally known by the respective beneficiaries. Official memos andA decree includes some of the allowances andelineate the criteria for eligibility, but not as well allowances are published and the methodologies for calculation methods are not explained. [1] [2].

The salary scales for military and civilian personnel are not publicly available [1, 2].

The allowances received are generally published on each soldier’s pay slip and are traceable. However, allowances and other bonuses are less well defined than salaries and are often decided by the hierarchy. Most of those paid on an exceptional basis (mission expenses, training costs) generally comply with pre-established criteria [1, 2, 3]. However, some areas remain unclear. They are also not accessible to the public.

The Ministry of Defence’s budget does not publicly provide details about pay rates. However, it does include collective provisions that specify the total amounts allocated for military personnel remuneration. For example, the 2023 budget allocated GHS 1.45 billion for employee compensation (CoE). (1) (2)

The Ministry of Defence’s budget does not provide explicit details about military personnel allowances or the criteria for their allocation. However, it does include collective provisions that specify the total amounts allocated for military personnel remuneration. For example, the 2023 budget allocated GHS 1.45 billion for employee compensation (CoE). (1) (2)

When advertising for roles, the MoD provides details such as basic salary, housing allowance, commuter allowance and any other allowances that come with the role and its grade [1]. Salaries of the KDF Soldiers, Kenya Airforce and Kenya Navy are also available online, but not official through the MOD website [2].

According to numerous accounts the last Armed Forces Pay Review Board was undertaken in December 14,1978. This is why many officers are still paid a hardship allowance of sh.600 despite changes in inflation and economic circumstances in Kenya [1].
While general public service allowances are documented in the Salary and Remuneration Commission’s guidelines, showing categories like remunerative and facilitative allowances, these do not specify benefits for military personnel [2, 3]. There is no public listing of allowances specific to military or civilian defence staff, nor criteria for eligibility or calculation methods.

Pay rates and allowances are not openly published for two pertinent reasons. One, there is still a huge disparity in salary within the defence and security sectors.[1] Efforts to have salaries and allowance harmonised to an acceptable level have failed. Two, public sector management have failed to ensure unhindered access to public information.[2] Some government ministries, agencies and commission still do not have website or functional social media page. This lack of infrastructure has further complicated the problem.

Allowances to civilian and military personnel are determined based on assignment and rank. However, information on allownaces is not published.[1] A more standardised allowance remains necessary.[2]

The law on the General Status of the Military details the remuneration, advantages and benefits enjoyed by the militarybut no pay scales paid to members of civilian and military personnel are published.[1][2].: There is an index scale available to the public, but access to the indices is reserved for Ministry of Finance employees [3].

The law states that military personnel receive compensation but it is not published or communicated [1].

Although the pay scales for civilian and military personnel are not explicitly communicated to the public, there is a scale for military personnel[1] which is accessible. This pay scale goes from index 306 for privates 2nd class to index 1380 for generals and major colonels but no direct information on salary rates is available.[2]

In addition to the remuneration, the amount of which is set according to grade, family benefits or benefits in kind and the special solidarity allowance may be added. The rates for family benefits, and the special solidarity allowance are those applicable to the civil service. In addition, military personnel may benefit from special allowances due to the nature of the functions performed or risks incurred. An allowance for military expenses and a risk bonus, reflecting the specific constraints of the military function, are allocated to all military personnel. A decree of the President of the Republic sets the rate and conditions for granting bonuses and allowances allocated to all military personnel. but not the amount.[1]

Pay rates for all civilian and military personnel are published in service publications, disaggregated by rank. Summarised information is made available to the general public, by the Ministry of Economy and Finance [1, 2] and the Republic Bulletins with a breakdown of remunerations and their amounts [3, 4, 5, 6].

The allowances for all civilian and military personnel are openly published, including criteria for eligibility and calculation methods [1]. The criteria are published in the salary legislation, military category, statute of the Armed Forces and the table of national and foreign allowance. The allowances for all civilian and military personnel, whether in domestic or foreign activities, are defined by law and are in the public domain [2]. Only allowances for operational activities are not known [3].

Pay rates and allowances for civilian and military personnel in Niger are not openly published in a detailed and accessible manner, but the system governing salaries and allowances is well-established under legal and regulatory provisions. Military and civilian personnel salaries are regulated by formal laws and decrees. The grille salariale (salary scale) for public servants, including military personnel, is outlined in official government documents such as the Statut général de la fonction publique [1]. The Statut du personnel militaire des forces armées, adopted by the National Assembly, also provides a structured system for salary determination, based on rank, category, and years of service [2]. Although the salary structures are legally defined, detailed information on pay scales and allowances is not fully available to the general public. There is no comprehensive, publicly accessible document that transparently outlines military and defense sector salaries in government budgets or reports. However, salary calculations and adjustments are standardized, ensuring that personnel receive pay according to their category and seniority.

In Niger, allowances for military and civilian personnel are formally structured and regulated through several government decrees [1]. These decrees define:
• The types of allowances available,
• Eligibility criteria,
• Calculation methods,
• Variations according to rank, grade, family status, years of service, and deployment location [2].
For instance, personnel deployed in “zones de mise en garde”—high-risk operational areas such as Diffa and Tillabéry—receive special hazard allowances [3].
Allowances do vary based on rank and grade, ensuring that hierarchical distinctions are reflected in remuneration structures, as stipulated by official regulations. However, despite the existence of these formal provisions, Public access to detailed information on specific allowance amounts and updated payment structures remains limited, and there are concerns from military personnel about the fairness and consistency of implementation have been noted, suggesting gaps between legal provisions and practice on the ground.

Although the Consolidated Armed Forces Salary Structure (CONAFSS) was made public in previous years, it is not regularly updated, or easily accessible to the public in a detailed and comprehensive way. Pay rates are available but they are not detailed as they do not provide information to the public on benefits and other emoluments [1, 2]. It is important to note that the available information on the salary rates of military personnel does not give the complete representation of the exact takeaway [3]. However, there is unconfirmed claims about an improvement in the pay rate of the military in view of the new minimum wage approved by President Bola Ahmed Tinubu’s administration: “From a reliable source in army headquarters serving soldiers have been paid their new minimum wage. Before now, a sergeant is been paid 74,000 but now this October they received 129,000” [4].

There are different types of allowances paid to both military and civilian personnel in the ministry of defence depending on cadre, posting and deployment. However, information on these allowances is not publicly available. In December 2023, however, the Chief of Defence Staff (CDS), General Christopher Musa, revealed that he and other soldiers are paid N1,200 per day as operation allowance regardless of ranks [1]. Nonetheless, there have been allegations by military personnel that their superiors sometimes rob them of their allowances and entitlements. In 2022, for instance, Nigerian Soldiers engaged in various internal security operations across the country have raised concerns over what they regard as high level of corruption in the military and exploitation of other ranks by the top officers who rob them of their allowances and entitlements [2]. Similarly, some military personnel have accused the Service Chiefs of tempering with the officers and soldiers’ allowances as was provided for in the Manual of Financial Administration for the Armed Forces of Nigeria (MAFA) [3].

Salary scales for police and military personnel are partially available through government and third-party sources (Votresalaire.org) [1] . However, this does not constitute official pay rates, and they are not comprehensive or regularly updated.The salaries cover soldiers from 1st class up to generals, and are standardised according to rank in the corps. The amounts vary between 75,000 and 400,000 CFA francs. ‘Police officers received 80,000 francs, army sergeants and chief sergeants 100,000 francs, police warrant officers and chief warrant officers, both police and army, received 150,000 francs, lieutenants 200,000 francs, police commissioners 250,000 francs, divisional commissioners, commanders and lieutenant-colonels 300,000 francs, colonels 350,000 francs and generals 400,000 francs;. [2] . The allowances for all civil and military servants are well known, The minimum wage in Senegal is known as SMIG (salaire minimum interprofessionnel garanti) or SMAG (salaire minimum agricole garanti). In 2021, the authorities have set it at 58,900 FCFA per month, with an hourly rate of 333.808 FCFA. This is the minimum wage that employers are obliged to pay employees for the work they do. The average wage in Senegal was FCFA 89,730 per month in 2019, according to the Ministry of the Economy, Planning and Cooperation. [3]

Law no. 64-24 of 27 January 1964, by repealing the provisions of law no. 61-36 of 15 June 1961 relating to the civil pension scheme, had the merit of instituting the first general civil and military pension scheme in Senegal. It thus appeared to be the first text of general scope organising the retirement of all those, civil or military, who can claim a pension in remuneration of the services they have rendered to the State. services rendered to the State. [1] However the amount of allowances for all civilian and military personnel, and criteria for eligibility and calculation methods are not published.

Pay rates are available for both civilian and military personnel in the Department of Defence’s Annual Report. [1] Although personnel numbers are disaggregated by salary bands, the way that salary bands are grouped into clusters of three (e.g. Highly Skilled Production (Levels 6-8)) makes it difficult to determine detailed information for individual ranks as these salary bands can include multiple ranks.

The amounts spent on allowances including medical aid and homeowners allowances are published in the Department of Defence’s Annual Report and disaggregated across salary bands and programmes. [1] While the Department of Defence has a Policy on State Housing in the DOD, this is not publicly available and eligibility criteria for allowances are unclear to the public.

Pay rates are mostly published for military personnel and are presented in terms of ranks (from the lowest to the highest military ranks.) This information is available either through the national budget [1], communication from the ministry or media reports. For example, in 2024, the budget adopted a 400% increase in the salary of military officers. Under the new salary, the lowest grade soldier will earn around 30,000 South Sudan pounds, while a general will earn SSP 115,000. [2] This was confirmed by Major General Lul Ruai. [2]

Although the criteria for calculating allowances for military and civilian personnel is not made clear, the aggregate based on rank is often published by the Ministry of Finance and Planning in the approved annual budget. [1]

The salary scale for military personnel is known and when their remuneration is increased is also published. The allowances are established in the sixth schedule of the UPDF Act. The other pay rates that may be classified are the one for soldiers who are on missions in Somalia, DRC, and other places.1 Pay rates for all civilian and military personnel are published in service publications, they are only disaggregated by rank for civilian employees. There is no information on disaggregated salaries for soldiers by rank. This information is made available to the general public. See the Salary Structure for FY 2024/2025 [1]

Standing Instruction number 6 of 2018, issued by the Ministry of Public Service, provides significant update on the allowance structure for all public officers, including those serving in the UPDF. This directive, approved by the cabinet, provided a revised and standardised framework for calculating and disbursing allowances, aiming to ensure consistency and transparency across the public sector. The instruction detailed specific rates for various types of allowances, such as overnight allowances, safari day allowances, and transport allowances, addressing the diverse needs of public servants engaged in official duties [1].
While the document outlines specific allowance rates for different categories, such as overnight allowances, safari day allowances, transport allowances, and duty-facilitating allowances, and defines the categories of personnel entitled to each type of allowance and the circumstances under which allowances may be claimed (e.g., type of assignment, location, and duration); it does not provide specific calculation methods [1]

Pay rates for both military and civilian personnel in the defence forces are not openly published or made known to the public in any way [1]. When it is published by media, it is often exaggerated [3]. It is important to note that the military pay, and records is not handled by the civilian finance units in the country or civil servants finance units but pay records are handled by the military themselves under what is known as Zimbabwe Army Pay and Records (ZAPAR) [2]. This is a centralised system of pay and records and it is an out of bounds area for anyone who is not working in ZAPAR [1].

Allowances within the military are not disclosed to the public [1,2]. These allowances vary based on the skills and roles of the personnel. For instance, individuals serving as medical doctors, engineers, signallers, presidential guards, special forces, military intelligence, or working in ZAPAR receive different allowances compared to infantry soldiers [1]. However, when such allowances are reported in the media, the information is often inaccurate [3]. Moreover, the allowances provided to specialised units such as presidential guards, paratroopers, commandos, Special Air Service, Military Intelligence, and the Special Investigation Branch are notably minimal, sometimes equivalent to as little as USD $5.