Personnel Risk:
Moderate
Score:
56/100
34
58/100
Do the Defence Ministry, Defence Minister, Chiefs of Defence, and Single Service Chiefs publicly commit, through, for example, speeches, media interviews, or political mandates, to anti-corruption and integrity measures?
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Within the Ministry of Defense, there is a consistent and clear commitment to fight against corruption [1]. The Defence Minister, the Chief of Defence,…
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There are no public statements made by the Minister of Defense or the Chief of Defense regarding anti-corruption or integrity among personnel.[1][4] There is…
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It is important to clarify that the promotion of integrity and the reduction of corruption are an integral part of the priorities of military…
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35
100/100
Are there effective measures in place for personnel found to have taken part in forms of bribery and corruption, and is there evidence that these measures are being carried out?
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In case of any form of corruption in thedefence sector, there are some measures such as: retrogradation or dismissal of the military personnel after…
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Instances of bribery or corruption are usually investigated or disciplined through formal processes [1]. For example, several security officers were convicted in several trials…
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36
42/100
Is whistleblowing encouraged by the government, and are whistle-blowers in military and defence ministries afforded adequate protection from reprisal for reporting evidence of corruption, in both law and practice?
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Whistleblowers are raising concerns about the lack of clarity surrounding their protections due to recent legal developments [1]. According to Jean-Baptiste Elias, former president…
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Whistleblowing is encouraged through information and guidance on the reporting of corruption and protections for whistleblowers [1]. Any military personnel can freely report case…
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No cases of unprotected whistleblowers were mentioned. However, there are differing perceptions about whistleblowers protection. For top-level officers, officials and personnel are confident that…
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37
33/100
Is special attention paid to the selection, time in post, and oversight of personnel in sensitive positions, including officials and personnel in defence procurement, contracting, financial management, and commercial management?
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Senior State officials and senior civil servants such as central directors of the administration, members of army staffs, directors-general, directors and managers of the…
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The national legislation merely defines the criteria for eligibility. A morality investigation is generally required before appointments are made to certain sensitive positions, particularly…
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Apart from the legislative requirements for all public staff in sensitive positions, there is no special scrutiny ofdefence personnel [1][2].
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38
50/100
Is the number of civilian and military personnel accurately known and publicly available?
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In the Beninese Armed Forces, the list of civilian and military personnel is well known and annually updated in the event of new recruitment,…
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Information related to the number of militray personnel is not published. [1] Security reasons are often put forward to explain this lack of transparency,…
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The military has not been presented with the problem of ghost soldiers in the last five years. This is justified by the fact that…
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39
13/100
Are pay rates and allowances for civilian and military personnel openly published?
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The salary is paid not randomly but it is based on indicators (the grade/level, diploma) as provided by decrees and laws .[1].[2] Even if…
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Allowances due to all civilian and military personnel are openly published, including criteria for eligibility and calculation methods [1]. The amount of these allowances…
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40
75/100
Do personnel receive the correct pay on time, and is the system of payment well-established, routine, and published?
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In terms of payment of salaries of Beninese Army personnel, the principle with regard to all civil servants is the payment on time.Bbut it…
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The payment of military salaries may occasionally be delayed but there is no deduction in salary. [1].[2] They rather get an increase. The Council…
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In accordance with section II-chapter II of the Law No. 2020-19 of july 3, 2020 relating to the special status of personnel of the…
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41
17/100
Is there an established, independent, transparent, and objective appointment system for the selection of military personnel at middle and top management level?
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Objective eligibility criteria exist for the middle and top management level. There are rank, diploma, qualification and morality criteria defined for each position [1].…
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There is no external scrutiny of the appointments of military personnel at middle and top management. [1][2][3]
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Little to no information is released about the appointment process [1]. The President of the Republic has the discretionary power to appoint to middle…
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42
69/100
Are personnel promoted through an objective, meritocratic process? Such a process would include promotion boards outside of the command chain, strong formal appraisal processes, and independent oversight.
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Any promotion within the armed forces is done by merit and/or choice based on open positions and in accordance with the pyramid of officer…
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There is no exception provided by the special status of personnel of the Beninese Armed Forces. [1] [2] [3].
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For military personnel who have been promoted by the President, the decree is released for civil servants counterparts but also publicly on website of…
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The details of posting and promotion are regularly published and released on the website of the General secretary of the Government and/or on the…
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43
NA/100
Where compulsory conscription occurs, is there a policy of not accepting bribes for avoiding conscription? Are there appropriate procedures in place to deal with such bribery, and are they applied?
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The Constitution of Benin does not permit compulsory conscription since 1990 [1]. This is confirmed by the law [2] and military officers and specialist…
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The Constitution of Benin does not permit compulsory conscription since 1990. [1]. This is confirmed by the law [2] and military officers and specialist…
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The Constitution of Benin does not permit compulsory conscription since 1990 [1]. This is confirmed by the law [2] and military officers and specialist…
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44
100/100
is there a policy of refusing bribes to gain preferred postings? Are there appropriate procedures in place to deal with such bribery, and are they applied?
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Article 40 of the law against corruption defined corruption as solliticing, receiving, offering or giving. [1] However the law was abrogated in 2020 leaving…
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Beninese legislation severely punishes bribes. Criminal penalties can range from 5 or 10 years’ imprisonment to life imprisonment , depending on the amount of…
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Appropriate sanctions or punishments are applied when bribery occurs. [1] [2] However no evidence was available online showing sanctions being applied in cases of…
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The implementation of public expenditure requires the correct and strict application of budgetary authorisation and respect for the principle of the separation of the…
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46
0/100
Is there a Code of Conduct for all military personnel that includes, but is not limited to, guidance with respect to bribery, gifts and hospitality, conflicts of interest, and post-separation activities? Is there evidence that breaches of the Code of Conduct are effectively addressed?
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There is no code of conduct specifically for military personnel. But all military personnel are trained on the importance of reporting corruption and the…
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There is no code of conduct specifically for military personnel. But all military personnel are trained on the importance of reporting corruption and the…
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There is no code of conduct specifically for military personnel. But all military personnel are trained on the importance of reporting corruption and the…
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There is no code of conduct specifically for military personnel. But all military personnel are trained on the importance of reporting corruption and the…
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47
94/100
Is there a Code of Conduct for all civilian personnel that includes, but is not limited to, guidance with respect to bribery, gifts and hospitality, conflicts of interest, and post-separation activities? Is there evidence that breaches of the Code of Conduct are effectively addressed?
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Benin has a Code of Ethics and Values applicable to the public administration, and therefore to all civilian staff. This code provides a clear…
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The Code of Ethics and Values of the Public Administration is publicly available. This is distributed to the civilian personnel [1]. And any person…
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In the event of suspected breaches of the Code of Ethics and Values for Public Administration, investigations are carried out by the relevant internal…
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The Code of Ethics and Values of the Public Administration is taught in the induction training of all civilian staff. It is part of…
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48
75/100
Does regular anti-corruption training take place for military and civilian personnel?
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The Beninese armed forces understand the importance of reducing corruption and its consequences on the country [1]. To this end, military officers within the…
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Anti-corruption training is delivered based on the trainings provided on the Code of Ethics and Values of the Public Administration and anti-corruption law in Benin.…
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Anti-corruption training is delivered upon to military and civilian personnel [1]. All military and civilian personnel follow these training .[1][2]
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49
50/100
Is there a policy to make public outcomes of the prosecution of defence services personnel for corrupt activities, and is there evidence of effective prosecutions in recent years?
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There is no policy of the defence institution to make outcomes of prosecution publicly available. [1].[2]
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Currently, there are no permanent military courts or courts martial operating in Benin. Military personnel are subject to internal disciplinary measures (administrative sanctions) provided…
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Currently, there are no permanent military courts or courts martial operating in Benin. Military personnel are prosecuted for acts of corruption before the CRIET.…
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50
25/100
Are there effective measures in place to discourage facilitation payments (which are illegal in almost all countries)?
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The previous law on the fight against corruption did not mention facilitation payments and the law was repealed in 2020 [1]. Facilitation payment are…
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After interviewing military officers and specialists and checking on internet, it has not been possible to find cases of facilitation payments investigated or prosecuted…
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It is difficult to find a case of facilitation payments investigated or prosecuted through formal process as the legislation does not mention this. However,…
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0
NA/100
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Leadership Behaviour
Q34
NA/100
Do the Defence Ministry, Defence Minister, Chiefs of Defence, and Single Service Chiefs publicly commit, through, for example, speeches, media interviews, or political mandates, to anti-corruption and integrity measures?
View Question
Q35
NA/100
Are there effective measures in place for personnel found to have taken part in forms of bribery and corruption, and is there evidence that these measures are being carried out?
View Question
Q36
NA/100
Is whistleblowing encouraged by the government, and are whistle-blowers in military and defence ministries afforded adequate protection from reprisal for reporting evidence of corruption, in both law and practice?
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Q37
NA/100
Is special attention paid to the selection, time in post, and oversight of personnel in sensitive positions, including officials and personnel in defence procurement, contracting, financial management, and commercial management?
View QuestionPayroll, Promotions, Appointments, Rewards
Q38
NA/100
Is the number of civilian and military personnel accurately known and publicly available?
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Q39
NA/100
Are pay rates and allowances for civilian and military personnel openly published?
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Q40
NA/100
Do personnel receive the correct pay on time, and is the system of payment well-established, routine, and published?
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Q41
NA/100
Is there an established, independent, transparent, and objective appointment system for the selection of military personnel at middle and top management level?
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Q42
NA/100
Are personnel promoted through an objective, meritocratic process? Such a process would include promotion boards outside of the command chain, strong formal appraisal processes, and independent oversight.
View QuestionConscription and Recruitment
Q43
NA/100
Where compulsory conscription occurs, is there a policy of not accepting bribes for avoiding conscription? Are there appropriate procedures in place to deal with such bribery, and are they applied?
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Q44
NA/100
is there a policy of refusing bribes to gain preferred postings? Are there appropriate procedures in place to deal with such bribery, and are they applied?
View QuestionSalary Chain
Values and Standards
Q46
NA/100
Is there a Code of Conduct for all military personnel that includes, but is not limited to, guidance with respect to bribery, gifts and hospitality, conflicts of interest, and post-separation activities? Is there evidence that breaches of the Code of Conduct are effectively addressed?
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Q47
NA/100
Is there a Code of Conduct for all civilian personnel that includes, but is not limited to, guidance with respect to bribery, gifts and hospitality, conflicts of interest, and post-separation activities? Is there evidence that breaches of the Code of Conduct are effectively addressed?
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Q48
NA/100
Does regular anti-corruption training take place for military and civilian personnel?
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Q49
NA/100
Is there a policy to make public outcomes of the prosecution of defence services personnel for corrupt activities, and is there evidence of effective prosecutions in recent years?
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Q50
NA/100