Procurement Risk:
High
Score:
38/100
Government Policy
Q57
75/100
Does the country have legislation covering defence and security procurement with clauses specific to corruption risks, and are any items exempt from these laws?
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This indicator is not assigned a score in the GDI. The PPADB and the PADB Regulations are the principal legislation on procurement, and they…
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Section128 of the PPADB Act provides that: (1) Any person who contravenes the provisions of this Act shall be guilty of an offence. (2)…
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Section 63 of the PPADB is titled. Special Procurement Committee and states that: (1) The Board shall establish a Special Procurement and Asset Disposal…
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Q58
25/100
Is the defence procurement cycle process, from assessment of needs, through contract implementation and sign-off, all the way to asset disposal, disclosed to the public?
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BDF’s procurement processes are formalised with a number of them are published by the PPADB on their website [1]. However, the defence procurement cycle…
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BDF procurement cycle is not disclosed in full. Only the procurement plan and certain provisions are available through the PPADB [1]. For example, in…
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The PPADB Operations Manual provides detailed steps that must be followed by the BDF [1]. However, it is difficult to ascertain their implementation due…
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Q59
33/100
Are defence procurement oversight mechanisms in place and are these oversight mechanisms active and transparent?
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Procurement oversight mechanisms are largely independent, formalised processes. They may be subject to occasional undue influence from parliament, the military, business or politically well-connected…
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There are no robust procurement oversight mechanisms evidenced by the lack of sound reports by the DCEC and PPADB on their oversight work within…
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As explained in 59B, the lack of reports to support the actual oversight activities demonstrates the lack of transparency and effectiveness of these oversight…
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Potential defence purchases that are not sensitive are made public [1]. However, the projections of the potential procurements are usually for 12-24 months and…
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As explained in 60A, notices of purchases are published on the PPADB website [1,2]. However, the government occasionally publishes the plans for defence purchases…
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The Military’s purchases are publicised by the PPADB, which are accessible via the link below: [1,2,3]. The information available on the PPADB website, highlighting…
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Data regarding the purchases is released mostly using the PDF and EXCEL. This too is available on the PPADB website [1,2].
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Capability Gap and Requirements Definition
Q62
0/100
What procedures and standards are companies required to have – such as compliance programmes and business conduct programmes – in order to be able to bid for work for the Ministry of Defence or armed forces?
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The following PPADB Act provisions are applicable, however there are no specific references to anti-corruption clauses or requirements. 116. Register of contractors. The Board…
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This indicator is marked ‘Not Applicable’ because there are no policies which require anti-corruption standards in defence procurement contracts.[1,2]
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Q63
17/100
Are procurement requirements derived from a national defence and security strategy, and are procurement decisions well-audited? Are defence purchases based on clearly identified and quantified requirements?
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There is no official Defence Strategy in Botswana. As such, procurement requirements are not derived from the Defence Strategy [1]. For example, BDF through…
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There is no defence strategy in Botswana, so purchases are not justified with regards to their alignment to a strategy. In terms of general…
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Procurement requirements are generally conducted in terms of identifiable quantities that are published in terms of the PPAD Act [1]. In most cases, these…
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Tender Solicitation, Assessment and Contract Award
Q64
50/100
Is defence procurement generally conducted as open competition or is there a significant element of single-sourcing (that is, without competition)?
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In the absence of any quantitative research and based on the tenders published by the PPADB, an estimated 70% of the defence purchases are…
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The PPADB Act amplified by the PPADB Manual makes provision for the procedures to be followed when procuring entity wishes to employ single-sourcing [1].…
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Q65
58/100
Are tender boards subject to regulations and codes of conduct and are their decisions subject to independent audit to ensure due process and fairness?
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The Bostwana Procurement Code of Ethics provides inter alia that, as stipulated by Sections 3 and 8 of the PPAD Act defining the scope…
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Tender Boards are subject to regulations and codes of conduct. Their decisions are subject to an independent audit to ensure due process and fairness.…
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Section 19 of the PPADB Act provides the following in the spirit of transparency: (1) Procuring entities of the Defence Force, Police Service, and…
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There is not enough information to score this indicator.There is internal scrutiny followed by external institutions such as DCEC, the Auditor General and the…
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Q66
75/100
Does the country have legislation in place to discourage and punish collusion between bidders for defence and security contracts?
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Collusion by bidders taking part in any BDF procurement is punished in tems of the PPADB Act and the CECA Act [1]. Collusion falls…
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Sanctions are in two phases, first, under the PPADB Act and second, under the CECA Act [1]. The former provides for administrative measures in…
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Enforcement has been problematic, with corruption taking deep roots in Botswana especially within government ministries. Graft busters at the Directorate on Corruption and Economic…
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Procurement officials usually have an appreciation of corruption before they start work on procurement [1]. The assumption is that they would have the necessary…
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Contract Delivery and In-Service Support
Q67
44/100
Are there mechanisms and procedures that ensure that contractors meet their obligations on reporting and delivery?
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The PPADB Act in conjunction with the PPADB Manual outlines the procedures that must be followed by contractors in terms of their contractual obligations…
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The winning bid for non-classisifed contracts such as purchases of uniforms, vehicles, furniture are publicly available on the PPADB website [1]. However, post award…
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There is no systematic periodical generation of reports that indicate monitoring [1]. In practice, the officer releases monitoring records if a particular contract either…
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The PPADB Act as well as the CECA provide extensively for sanctions of breaches of procurement contracts [1]. Depending on the nature of the…
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Q68
75/100
Are there mechanisms in place to allow companies to complain about perceived malpractice in procurement, and are companies protected from discrimination when they use these mechanisms?
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Section 77 of the PPADB Act provides as follows: claim for compensation for contravention of legal provisions (1) a person who is aggrieved by…
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As explained in 68A, the PPADB and the PPADB Manual have a complaint mechanism [1]. However, there are no published cases by PPADB, which…
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There is not enough information to score this indicator, as there are no reported cases of aggrieved companies that fear future discrimnation should they…
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Section 16 of the PPADB provides that the register of persons found with a fault (1) The Independent Committee shall establish a register of…
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Generally, cases are investigated independently. However, there have been a few reports of corruption, in the BDF, that have never been investigated and this…
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PPADB have not recently reported any cases of this nature. The Code of Conduct expressly prohibits collusion, frontism, tokenism, window dressing and rent-seeking behaviour,…
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Offset Contracts
Q70
0/100
When negotiating offset contracts, does the government specifically address corruption risk by imposing anti-corruption due diligence on contractors and third parties?
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There is no evidence with regards to offset accounts in the security services sector [1,2]. There is no legislation which either permits or prohibits…
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There is no evidence with regards to offset accounts in the security services sector [1]. Even the PPADB Act and the PPADB Manual are…
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There is no evidence of a policy or procedure on offset contracts. The law is also silent on this matter [1,2]. There is evidence…
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There is no evidence of any public information on offset contracts. There are no provisions in the law covering this matter [1,2].
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There is no evidence of any public information on offset contracts. There are no provisions in the law covering this matter [1,2].
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There is no evidence of any public information on offset contracts. There are no provisions in the law covering this matter [1,2].
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There are no examples of offset contracts that the Botswana Defence Forces have been involved in [1,2].
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Agents / Brokers
Q73
38/100
How strongly does the government control the company’s use of agents and intermediaries in the procurement cycle?
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The PPADB Act and the PPADB Manual do not expressly prohibit the use of agents and intermediaries in the procurement cycle [1]. The assumption…
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Sanctions that are provided for by the PPADB Act and CECA are applied [1]. However, some alleged cases of corruption that have been reported…
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Financing Package
Q74
0/100
Are the principal aspects of the financing package surrounding major arms deals, (such as payment timelines, interest rates, commercial loans or export credit agreements) made publicly available prior to the signing of contracts?
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General information regarding the financing package is available [1]. However, the intrinsic details that regulate the actual operationalisation of the contract are not publicly…
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Seller Influence
Q75
NS/100
How common is it for defence acquisition decisions to be based on political influence by selling nations?
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This indicator is not assigned a score in the GDI. There is no evidence of any influence on the BDF by the selling nations…
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This indicator is not assigned a score in the GDI. Where the government purchases equipment from a supplier outside the jurisdiction of Botswana, the…
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This indicator is not assigned a score in the GDI. There have been allegations that certain purchases by the BDF took place as a…
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