Procurement Risk:
Very High
Score:
30/100
57
50/100
Does the country have legislation covering defence and security procurement with clauses specific to corruption risks, and are any items exempt from these laws?
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This indicator is not assigned a score in the GDI. The military operates with the same procurement regime enabled by the Public Procurement Act…
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The Public Procurement Act 2003 (Act 663) recognises the risk of corruption and tries to Address this. “Some of the salient provisions in the…
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While the law is designed to be applied comprehensively, there are indications that some personnel exploit loopholes to manipulate the tender process in favor…
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58
33/100
Is the defence procurement cycle process, from assessment of needs, through contract implementation and sign-off, all the way to asset disposal, disclosed to the public?
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The procurement cycle, from needs assessment to asset disposal, is formalized (1) and primarily governed by the Public Procurement Act, 2003 (Act 663) (2)…
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Despite the formalisation of procedures, the confidentiality clauses in Section 32(A) of the Public Procurement Act (2003) allow for non-disclosure in situations where disclosure…
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There are detailed policies and procedures for each step of the implementation process of the procurement cycle, based on the Public Procurement Act (2003).…
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59
50/100
Are defence procurement oversight mechanisms in place and are these oversight mechanisms active and transparent?
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The involvement of key oversight bodies, such as the Public Procurement Authority (1), the Auditor General (2), and the Controller and Accountant General (3),…
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The Parliamentary Select Committee on Defence and Interior (PSCDI) exercises oversight responsibility over the defence sector and may sanction major procurements for the GAF…
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Oversight mechanisms in defence procurement are somewhat transparent. The Auditor General’s report on the Ministry of Defence is accessible (1), and the activities of…
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Section 21(2) of the Public Procurement (Amendment) Act 2016 (Act 914) requires the MOD to submit its anticipated procurement plan one month before the…
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The MOD’s Medium Term Expenditure Framework (MTEF) for 2023-2026 provides details of the ministry’s planned expenditures over the next three years. This period may…
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Security concerns play a major role in the secrecy surrounding military purchases. This is evidenced in the debate on the floor of the House…
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The MTEF of the MOD makes available various expenditures made by the MOD, but does not provide comprehensive details about actual purchases, considering the…
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62
63/100
What procedures and standards are companies required to have – such as compliance programmes and business conduct programmes – in order to be able to bid for work for the Ministry of Defence or armed forces?
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The Public Procurement (Amendment) Act (PPA) sets out formal criteria for procuring products and equipment for any public institution. Section 22 of the PPA…
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There is consistency in the implementation of the Public Procurement Authority’s procedures under the Public Procurement (Amendment) Act 2016 (Act 914) in the procurement…
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63
25/100
Are procurement requirements derived from a national defence and security strategy, and are procurement decisions well-audited? Are defence purchases based on clearly identified and quantified requirements?
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Ghana established a National Security Strategy in 2020, outlining the country’s strategic plans for security. It does not contain clear procurement requirements for its…
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The Parliamentary Select Committee on Defence and Interior (PSCDI) has the oversight responsibility to ensure that the MoD and Ministry of National Security (MNS)…
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The Ministries, Departments and Agencies (MDAs), Metropolitan, Municipal and District Assemblies (MMDAs), and the intelligence agencies make the budgetary allocation for the National Security…
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64
13/100
Is defence procurement generally conducted as open competition or is there a significant element of single-sourcing (that is, without competition)?
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The GAF’s procurement methods mostly do not adhere to established competition procedures on all occasions. Specialised and delicate military needs are restricted for sole…
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The Public Accounts Committee (PAC) of Parliament has taken on a crucial role in scrutinising sole sourcing procurement practices. However, the committee’s reports indicate…
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65
25/100
Are tender boards subject to regulations and codes of conduct and are their decisions subject to independent audit to ensure due process and fairness?
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The Public Procurement Authority has issued a final manual for the implementation of the Act (2016) Act 663. (1) This manual offers clear guidelines…
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There are no audit trails related to military procurement processes. Despite the Public Accounts Committee of Parliament’s oversight role and its power to summon…
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There are regulations for the Tender Committees as stated in Section 20 of the Public Procurement Act 2016 as amended indicating the composition, functions…
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Despite the existence of the Parliamentary Select Committee on Defence and Interior (PSCDI) (1), the classified nature of defence procurement makes it difficult to…
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66
31/100
Does the country have legislation in place to discourage and punish collusion between bidders for defence and security contracts?
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There is adequate legislation in place to discourage collusion in procurement, and the provisions in Section 22 of the Public Procurement (Amendment) Act 2016…
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The Public Procurement (Amendment) Act in Section 22(1) states that “A tenderer in public procurement shall: (e) have directors or officers who have not…
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Despite the existence of legal processes, there are no publicly available cases of defence personnel or their assigns being prosecuted for procurement breaches. Furthermore,…
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There is no publicly available information to suggest that there are training programs for officers to identify collusion patterns in the GAF. There are,…
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67
38/100
Are there mechanisms and procedures that ensure that contractors meet their obligations on reporting and delivery?
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The Public Procurement (Amendment) Act Section 22(A) (1 & 2) provides a comprehensive legal and regulatory framework that assesses and reports on the service…
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There is no publicly available register or report that systematically discloses post-award contract modifications for Ministry of Defence (MoD) procurements in Ghana (3)(4). While…
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The Ministry of Defence (MoD) and the Ghana Armed Forces (GAF) are legally bound under the Public Procurement Act, 2003 (Act 663) as amended,…
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There is no evidence to suggest that sanctions for laid-down procurement breaches have been enforced on defence procurement. (1) (2) The report of the…
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68
42/100
Are there mechanisms in place to allow companies to complain about perceived malpractice in procurement, and are companies protected from discrimination when they use these mechanisms?
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There are formal processes in place for companies to be able to lay formal complaints over procurement breaches. Section 79 of the Public Procurement…
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Procurement complaints are highly obscured from the public despite the fact that there are complaints that are laid by companies that, in some cases,…
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Businesses and organizations operating in the procurement sector hold the belief that those who file formal complaints with the board and pursue legal action…
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There is clear legislation that allows for the suspension of the procurement process upon the establishment of the Public Procurement Authority, following a complaint…
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Cases of undue influence typically occur at the board level during investigations into procurement breaches. This makes the plaintiff’s efforts to pursue such cases…
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Companies that violate the procurement rules and companies and senior company officials implicated in bribery or corruption-related procurement offences may face debarment from future…
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70
0/100
When negotiating offset contracts, does the government specifically address corruption risk by imposing anti-corruption due diligence on contractors and third parties?
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In Ghana, there are no laws or policies that mention offset contracts as part of procurement processes or anti-corruption safeguards (1). Therefore, there are…
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There is no available sources to establish contract offsetting even if in theory it exist because there are no legal provisions made for same…
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Because there are no regulations on off-set contracts, there are no formal policies or procedures that outline conducting reports (1).
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Because there are no regulations on offset contracts, there are no formal policies or procedures for enforcement (1).
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Because there are no regulations on offset contracts, there are no formal policies or procedures (1).
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73
0/100
How strongly does the government control the company’s use of agents and intermediaries in the procurement cycle?
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There are cases over the use of intermediaries and agents in the procurement processes, but there is no direct legislation that governs the employment…
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Since there is no publicly available legislation and policies pertaining to the use of agents and intermediaries in the procurement process, this indicator has…
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74
50/100
Are the principal aspects of the financing package surrounding major arms deals, (such as payment timelines, interest rates, commercial loans or export credit agreements) made publicly available prior to the signing of contracts?
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Major arms and military procurement deals occasionally become public as a result of parliamentary approval discussions. This is usually in rare cases. This is…
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75
NS/100
How common is it for defence acquisition decisions to be based on political influence by selling nations?
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This indicator is not assigned a score in the GDI. There is tremendous political influence in the sales of defence equipment to Ghana, as…
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The government has frequently justified significant military hardware purchases, citing the need to enhance the military’s ability to address evolving threats in the subregion…
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This indicator is not assigned a score in the GDI. There are no cases where political pressure from particularly Parliament has resulted in no…
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0
NA/100
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Government Policy
Q57
NA/100
Does the country have legislation covering defence and security procurement with clauses specific to corruption risks, and are any items exempt from these laws?
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Q58
NA/100
Is the defence procurement cycle process, from assessment of needs, through contract implementation and sign-off, all the way to asset disposal, disclosed to the public?
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Q59
NA/100
Are defence procurement oversight mechanisms in place and are these oversight mechanisms active and transparent?
View QuestionCapability Gap and Requirements Definition
Q62
NA/100
What procedures and standards are companies required to have – such as compliance programmes and business conduct programmes – in order to be able to bid for work for the Ministry of Defence or armed forces?
View Question
Q63
NA/100
Are procurement requirements derived from a national defence and security strategy, and are procurement decisions well-audited? Are defence purchases based on clearly identified and quantified requirements?
View QuestionTender Solicitation, Assessment and Contract Award
Q64
NA/100
Is defence procurement generally conducted as open competition or is there a significant element of single-sourcing (that is, without competition)?
View Question
Q65
NA/100
Are tender boards subject to regulations and codes of conduct and are their decisions subject to independent audit to ensure due process and fairness?
View Question
Q66
NA/100
Does the country have legislation in place to discourage and punish collusion between bidders for defence and security contracts?
View QuestionContract Delivery and In-Service Support
Q67
NA/100
Are there mechanisms and procedures that ensure that contractors meet their obligations on reporting and delivery?
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Q68
NA/100
Are there mechanisms in place to allow companies to complain about perceived malpractice in procurement, and are companies protected from discrimination when they use these mechanisms?
View QuestionOffset Contracts
Q70
NA/100
When negotiating offset contracts, does the government specifically address corruption risk by imposing anti-corruption due diligence on contractors and third parties?
View QuestionAgents / Brokers
Q73
NA/100
How strongly does the government control the company’s use of agents and intermediaries in the procurement cycle?
View QuestionFinancing Package
Q74
NA/100
Are the principal aspects of the financing package surrounding major arms deals, (such as payment timelines, interest rates, commercial loans or export credit agreements) made publicly available prior to the signing of contracts?
View QuestionSeller Influence
Q75
NA/100