Procurement Risk:
Very High
Score:
20/100
Government Policy
Q57
50/100
Does the country have legislation covering defence and security procurement with clauses specific to corruption risks, and are any items exempt from these laws?
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This indicator is not assigned a score in the GDI. Public procurement in Ghana is regulated by the Public Procurement Act (2003) (1). The…
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The Public Procurement Act recognises the risks of corruption. Section 93 of the Act states that “entities and participants in a procurement process shall,…
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The Public Procurement Authority is the institution mandated with ensuring efficiency and transparency in public procurement, including in the GAF (1). However, the exception…
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Q58
NEI/100
Is the defence procurement cycle process, from assessment of needs, through contract implementation and sign-off, all the way to asset disposal, disclosed to the public?
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The entire defence procurement cycle is formalised and involves several committees at various levels within the MOD and the GAF. The procedures were harmonized…
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Contrary to other Ghanaian public institutions, the MOD procurement cycle is not disclosed to the public. For instance, the Ministry of Health publishes its…
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This indicator has not been assigned a score due to insufficient information or evidence.
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Q59
17/100
Are defence procurement oversight mechanisms in place and are these oversight mechanisms active and transparent?
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Oversight on procurement is performed by the Parliamentary Selected Committee on Defence and Interior, the Public Account Committee, the Audit and Tender Committees in…
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The Parliamentary committees are considered ineffective and lack resources and staff (1). Similar concerns have also been raised with regards to the Audit Service…
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The Tender and Audit Committee within the MOD and GAF is entirely non-transparent about its activities, in so far as no information on their…
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Actual defence purchases should be made publicly available on the Public Procurement Authority website, which as a dedicated page for the MOD (1). In…
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Data on hardware like tanks, artillery and related ammunition are never released in an accessible format. Data on actual defence purchases is seldom released…
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Capability Gap and Requirements Definition
Q62
25/100
What procedures and standards are companies required to have – such as compliance programmes and business conduct programmes – in order to be able to bid for work for the Ministry of Defence or armed forces?
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The Public Procurement Act details how the government discriminates in its selection of suppliers based on their integrity. In particular, section 22 states that…
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There is evidence that these policies and laws are sometimes implemented concerning non-hardware items, but they are not implemented for purchases of hardware. GAF…
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Q63
17/100
Are procurement requirements derived from a national defence and security strategy, and are procurement decisions well-audited? Are defence purchases based on clearly identified and quantified requirements?
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The source of procurement requirements is not clear as the country does not have a national defence and security strategy. The MOD’s budget outlines…
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Scrutiny of actual purchases is undertaken by different institutions that have oversight power over the MOD and the GAF, the Parliamentary Selected Committee on…
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It is unclear how purchases are identified and quantified as the country does not have a national defence strategy. There are opportunistic and unplanned…
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Tender Solicitation, Assessment and Contract Award
Q64
0/100
Is defence procurement generally conducted as open competition or is there a significant element of single-sourcing (that is, without competition)?
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Most of the details on procurement of hardware are restricted (1), (2), (3). The sole-sourcing practice of the GAF encourages an unhealthy tendency towards…
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The Public Accounts Committee (PAC) of Parliament has in recent years assumed a more robust posture in scrutinising accounts of Ministries Departments and Agencies…
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Q65
25/100
Are tender boards subject to regulations and codes of conduct and are their decisions subject to independent audit to ensure due process and fairness?
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The Public Procurement Act (2003), does account and provide checks for the conduct of officials. Although not explicitly linked to the GAF, this is…
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It’s very difficult for oversight agencies to access a comprehensive audit trail, particularly regarding hardware (1), (2).
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There is hardly any transparency at least from the perspectives of CSOs and most parliamentarians, particularly from opposition members, and the Parliamentary Select Committee…
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There is some verification by oversight agencies that the particular specifications of the tender are appropriate, but it is not comprehensive (1), (2). This…
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Q66
38/100
Does the country have legislation in place to discourage and punish collusion between bidders for defence and security contracts?
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The Public Procurement Act and related procurement legislation do provide a broad framework (Article 284 of the 1992 Constitution, the PPA Act (2003), the…
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Ghana has a piece of legislation, the PPA (2003) on procurement that specifically spells out guidelines for procurement-related corruption (1), (2). Companies can be…
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The PPA’s provision for enforcement does not seem to be used concerning the GAF. There is no public record in recent years, made available…
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There is no evidence that training is provided to procurement officials with regards to collusion (1), (2).
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Contract Delivery and In-Service Support
Q67
31/100
Are there mechanisms and procedures that ensure that contractors meet their obligations on reporting and delivery?
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Generally, there are fairly strict policies and regulations; but the greatest challenge lies in the lack of strict enforcement (1), (2). The PPA does…
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Particularly from the perspective of the media and CSOs, information on hardware contracts is rarely released, particularly on contract failures and modifications post-award. In…
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Officials regularly produce contract monitoring and completion reports, and these include supplier and subcontractors performance appraisals. However, if these contracts are to supply hardware…
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Few breaches of contract are acted upon because of interference from a conflict of interest between some corrupt politicians, and some high ranking and…
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Q68
33/100
Are there mechanisms in place to allow companies to complain about perceived malpractice in procurement, and are companies protected from discrimination when they use these mechanisms?
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Formal mechanisms are in place for companies that feel cheated to seek compensation (1), (2). There are formal dispute mechanisms set by the PPA,…
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The complaints mechanism looks easily accessible and effective. However, what is on paper obscures a very difficult path or avenue to pursue. Effectiveness of…
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Companies believe that they will be unfairly targeted from future procurement and therefore they often resort to bribery to win contracts and if they…
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There is clear legislation and implementation guidelines empowering procurement officials to exclude companies who committed inappropriate procurement practices (1), (2).
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Cases are investigated, but not often prosecuted. There is undue influence in the decision-making process (1), (2).
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Sanctions are not officially applied. The PPA has not listed a single supplier as blacklisted on its website. Rather, sanctions may take unofficial, politically-related…
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Offset Contracts
Q70
0/100
When negotiating offset contracts, does the government specifically address corruption risk by imposing anti-corruption due diligence on contractors and third parties?
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In the absence of a formal policy or regulations on offset contracts, this indicator is scored as zero.
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In the absence of a formal policy or regulations on offset contracts, this indicator is scored as zero.
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In the absence of a formal policy or regulations on offset contracts, this indicator is scored as zero.
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In the absence of a formal policy or regulations on offset contracts, this indicator is scored as zero.
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In the absence of a formal policy or regulations on offset contracts, this indicator is scored as zero.
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Agents / Brokers
Q73
0/100
How strongly does the government control the company’s use of agents and intermediaries in the procurement cycle?
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The government does not have a publicly published policy that directly deals with the use of agents and intermediaries in the procurement cycle, although…
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Because the government does not have a relevant policy on the use of agents and intermediaries in the procurement cycle, this indicator is marked…
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Financing Package
Q74
0/100
Are the principal aspects of the financing package surrounding major arms deals, (such as payment timelines, interest rates, commercial loans or export credit agreements) made publicly available prior to the signing of contracts?
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Details of financial packages that include vital issues like payment timelines, interest rates, and so on are not made public (1), (2). Mid-term expenditure…
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Seller Influence
Q75
NS/100
How common is it for defence acquisition decisions to be based on political influence by selling nations?
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This indicator is not assigned a score in the GDI. Given the huge amount of money involved in defence acquisition, selling nations wield tremendous…
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This indicator is not assigned a score in the GDI. When governments make public pronouncements on defence expenditures, they have always stated that it…
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This indicator is not assigned a score in the GDI. Some acquisitions are granted as a result of domestic political pressures, but this is…
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