Procurement Risk:
Moderate
Score:
65/100
Government Policy
Q57
50/100
Does the country have legislation covering defence and security procurement with clauses specific to corruption risks, and are any items exempt from these laws?
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This indicator is not assigned a score in the GDI. The country has clear and comprehensive legislation covering defence and security procurement. Article 72…
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The existing legislation only superficially recognises the risks of corruption in the Armed Forces and the security services as it does not explicitly describe…
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In general, defence equipment is procured according to the existing legislation [1, 2]. There are only minor exceptions to the processes described by law…
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Q58
58/100
Is the defence procurement cycle process, from assessment of needs, through contract implementation and sign-off, all the way to asset disposal, disclosed to the public?
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The Hellenic National Defence General Staff, Hellenic Army General Staff, Hellenic Navy General Staff and the Hellenic Air Force General Staff conduct the assessment…
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The defence budget is approved by the Government through Parliament at the advice of the Minister of National Defence. The regulations which govern the…
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There are policies and procedures for each step of the implementation process of the procurement cycle, but they lack detail and there are shortcomings…
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Q59
67/100
Are defence procurement oversight mechanisms in place and are these oversight mechanisms active and transparent?
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The Greek Court of Audit must approve defence procurement contracts. Parliament and ministers cannot exercise any influence on expenditures which exceed the amount of…
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Procurement oversight mechanisms are active but they do not consistently engage in best practice activities including: summoning witness and documents, demanding explanations, issuing recommendations…
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Evidence of activity is occasionally made public by the relevant procurement oversight institutions but content is either completely aggregated or missing key information. For…
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In Greece, there is rarely forward planning for potential purchases extending more than five years in advance. Moreover, there is no strategic defence review,…
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There are no current and applicable planning documents for procurement.The five-year Single Medium Term Development and Modernisation Programmes were cancelled due to the 2009-2019…
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Defence purchases are made public with almost no exceptions. The information provided includes description of the systems, the winning company, the price paid, and…
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Mundane procurement (non-weaponry) is routinely published on the MoD’s procurement website, while there is plenty of information on the armament programmes on official websites…
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Capability Gap and Requirements Definition
Q62
63/100
What procedures and standards are companies required to have – such as compliance programmes and business conduct programmes – in order to be able to bid for work for the Ministry of Defence or armed forces?
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There are clear requirements for the companies involved in procurement (PD 203/2008), including a registry of manufacturers of defence material [1]. Moreover, Article 10…
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There is evidence that these policies and laws are consistently implemented, but perhaps not always when strategic suppliers are involved [1, 2].
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Q63
75/100
Are procurement requirements derived from a national defence and security strategy, and are procurement decisions well-audited? Are defence purchases based on clearly identified and quantified requirements?
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The National Defence Policy and the National Military Strategy are classified documents, updated regularly by the MoD, which describe the national defence and security…
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There is scrutiny of actual purchases from the Court of Audit for contracts worth over 1 million euros [1]. Consequently, the court produces annual…
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The Ministry of Defence and Armed Forces base at least their major purchases on the clearly identified requirements, but there are opportunistic and unplanned…
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Tender Solicitation, Assessment and Contract Award
Q64
50/100
Is defence procurement generally conducted as open competition or is there a significant element of single-sourcing (that is, without competition)?
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The majority (70%+) of defence procurements are conducted as an open competition, though a significant minority of the value of contracts (10% to 30%)…
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Oversight agencies have some powers to question single/sole/restricted competitions, procedures selected and purchases and they occasionally do so. Single source procurements are usually based…
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Q65
50/100
Are tender boards subject to regulations and codes of conduct and are their decisions subject to independent audit to ensure due process and fairness?
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Officials involved in tender board decisions are subject to regulations and a code of conduct which are designed to prevent conflicts of interest [1,…
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There is some audit trail of which officials were involved in selecting suppliers and designing tender specification however, this doesn’t always extend to tender…
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Tender board regulations and codes of conduct are fully transparent. The Ministry of Defence’s General Directorate for Defence Investments and Armaments has produced a…
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There is no external verification that the particular specifications of the tender are appropriate. The Tender committee, consisting of MOD personnel, is responsible to…
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Q66
81/100
Does the country have legislation in place to discourage and punish collusion between bidders for defence and security contracts?
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Laws are in place that prohibit collusion within the defence sector, where collusion is defined as taking place between an official and a bidder…
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There is clear legislation and implementing guidelines empowering procurement officials to exclude companies and senior company officials where there is a conviction or reasonable…
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Cases are investigated or prosecuted through formal processes, but third-party interference (e.g. undue political influence) is attempted, and sometimes effective at derailing prosecutions [1,…
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Procurement officials are occasionally trained to identify collusion patterns and report potential malpractice [1, 2].
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Contract Delivery and In-Service Support
Q67
81/100
Are there mechanisms and procedures that ensure that contractors meet their obligations on reporting and delivery?
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There are formal policies and procedures that outline how to monitor, assess and report upon a supplier’s service and delivery obligations in laws 3433/2006,…
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Contract modifications post award are not usually publicly available. Such modifications could include many sub-contractor-related changes, as well as additional costs. The amendment contracts…
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Officials regularly produce contract monitoring and completion reports. These include suppliers’ and subcontractors’ performance appraisals, which are separately verified. If contracts are not sufficiently…
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Most breaches of contract are adequately acted upon. Such issues are either dealt with internally or raised with the top leadership in the ministry.…
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Q68
100/100
Are there mechanisms in place to allow companies to complain about perceived malpractice in procurement, and are companies protected from discrimination when they use these mechanisms?
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Formal mechanisms are in place to allow companies to complain about perceived malpractice in procurement. These includes both a court process and an internal…
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The complaints mechanisms available to companies are efficient and reasonably priced and are regularly used [1]. There were approximately 75 complaints in the defence…
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For genuine (non-malicious) complaints, companies believe that they will not be discriminated against in future procurements [1, 2].
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There are clear legislation and implementing guidelines empowering procurement officials to exclude companies and senior company officials where there is a conviction or credible…
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Cases are investigated or prosecuted through formal processes, but undue political influence is sometimes attempted [1]. For example, IΝΤΡΑΚΟΜ Defence Electronics allegedly received political…
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An offence can regularly result in a range of sanctions, including prosecution, exclusion from current and future competitions and heavy fines (Article 57 of…
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Offset Contracts
Q70
63/100
When negotiating offset contracts, does the government specifically address corruption risk by imposing anti-corruption due diligence on contractors and third parties?
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The Government has prohibited offset contracts by law since 2011 [1]. The reason for this is that offset contracts were often a source of…
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Greek Governments are no longer able to negotiate offset contracts as doing so is now prohibited by Law 3978/2011. However there are some exceptions…
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This indicator is scored ‘Not Applicable’. Offset contracts are prohibited in Greece according to Law 3978/2011 on Public Procurement of Works, Services and Procurement…
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Offset contract are prohibited in Greece via legislation. As such, this indicator is marked ‘Not Applicable’.
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Offset contract are prohibited in Greece via legislation. As such, this indicator is marked ‘Not Applicable’.
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Offset contract are prohibited in Greece via legislation. As such, this indicator is marked ‘Not Applicable’.
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Offset contract are prohibited in Greece via legislation. As such, this indicator is marked ‘Not Applicable’.
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Agents / Brokers
Q73
100/100
How strongly does the government control the company’s use of agents and intermediaries in the procurement cycle?
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The use of agents and intermediaries is prohibited by Law 2978/2011: the law states that “it is prohibited for suppliers or their legal representatives…
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Sanctions are usually applied when policies and laws on the use of agents are violated [1]. There have been no known cases because the…
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Financing Package
Q74
25/100
Are the principal aspects of the financing package surrounding major arms deals, (such as payment timelines, interest rates, commercial loans or export credit agreements) made publicly available prior to the signing of contracts?
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The existence of a financing package surrounding major arms deals is almost always made public, but no further details are usually available (e.g. cost…
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Seller Influence
Q75
NS/100
How common is it for defence acquisition decisions to be based on political influence by selling nations?
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This indicator is not assigned a score in the GDI. Some decisions on procurement are based on political influence by exporting countries which tend…
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This indicator is not assigned a score in the GDI. It is quite common for selling nations to exercise political influence over Greece’s defence…
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This indicator is not assigned a score in the GDI. Almost no acquisitions are granted as a result of domestic political pressures. Parliamentarians and…
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