Personnel Risk:
Very High
Score:
18/100
Leadership Behaviour
Q34
0/100
Do the Defence Ministry, Defence Minister, Chiefs of Defence, and Single Service Chiefs publicly commit, through, for example, speeches, media interviews, or political mandates, to anti-corruption and integrity measures?
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According to a high-rank officer within the Omani army, there are no internal communications about the commitment to integrity and anti-corruption by high-ranking Defence…
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We could not find a public commitment by the Ministry of Defence or high‐ranking Defence or Security officials around issues of anticorruption or integrity…
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There are no statements by senior Ministry of Defence or armed forces staff committing to integrity and anti-corruption measures. As discussed above, in the…
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Q35
25/100
Are there effective measures in place for personnel found to have taken part in forms of bribery and corruption, and is there evidence that these measures are being carried out?
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Q36
0/100
Is whistleblowing encouraged by the government, and are whistle-blowers in military and defence ministries afforded adequate protection from reprisal for reporting evidence of corruption, in both law and practice?
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There is no legislation on whistleblowing in Oman (1), (2). There are no legal provisions protecting military or official personnel exposing corruption. Whistleblowing programs…
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There is no whistleblowing within any of the MoD agencies or the armed forces. Corruption is not seen as a pressing issue that needs…
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According to sources from within the armed forces, there is little trust between personnel and senior officers. Considering the competition between different tribes within…
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Q37
0/100
Is special attention paid to the selection, time in post, and oversight of personnel in sensitive positions, including officials and personnel in defence procurement, contracting, financial management, and commercial management?
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There is no recognition that certain positions may be more open to corruption opportunities than others when employed in the defence and security sectors.…
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This indicator is marked Not Applicable because there is no recognition that certain positions may be more open to corruption opportunities. There is significant…
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This indicator is marked Not Applicable because there is no recognition that certain positions may be more open to corruption opportunities. Sensitive positions in…
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Payroll, Promotions, Appointments, Rewards
Q38
42/100
Is the number of civilian and military personnel accurately known and publicly available?
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The number of civilian and military personnel is not known and is not officially collected. Military personnel is estimated at 61,800, with 57,300 active…
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According to a senior military officer within the Omani army, the number of personnel is published in the military magazine, Jound, which is publicly…
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There has not been any case of ghost soldiers in the last ten years in the sultan’s Omani army (1), (2).
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Q39
0/100
Are pay rates and allowances for civilian and military personnel openly published?
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There is no openly published information on pay rates for civilian or military personnel. No information on relevant the institution’s websites was found on…
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No information on allowances regarding military and civilian personnel is made publicly available. The allowances vary, and they are not made available to the…
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Q40
67/100
Do personnel receive the correct pay on time, and is the system of payment well-established, routine, and published?
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There is no public information available regarding salaries of personnel on the armed forces, and if there are delays or not, our sources confirm…
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There is no public information available regarding salaries of personnel on the armed forces, and if there are delays or not, our sources confirm…
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There is no public information available regarding salaries of personnel on the armed forces, and if there are delays or not, our sources confirm…
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Q41
8/100
Is there an established, independent, transparent, and objective appointment system for the selection of military personnel at middle and top management level?
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There is not a publicly available system for appointments for military personnel. However, our sources indicate that there is a formal process in place,…
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The available information regarding the scrutiny involved in the appointment of military personnel at the middle or top management levels indicates that there is…
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The government does not release any information about the appointment process. This data is considered confidential and not for the public. The structures of…
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Q42
8/100
Are personnel promoted through an objective, meritocratic process? Such a process would include promotion boards outside of the command chain, strong formal appraisal processes, and independent oversight.
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Although no information is available on the formal structures or rules in the defence and security sector regarding promotions, our sources indicate that there…
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No information is available on the formal processes of promotions; it is normal to find exceptions to awarding promotions to personnel either through Sultani…
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There is no available information on promotion cycles. There are; however, as stated in sub-indicator 37B, sometimes job postings on the Ministry of Defence…
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This indicator is marked Not Applicable because there is no available information on promotion cycles. There are; however, as stated in sub-indicator 37B, sometimes…
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Conscription and Recruitment
Q43
NA/100
Where compulsory conscription occurs, is there a policy of not accepting bribes for avoiding conscription? Are there appropriate procedures in place to deal with such bribery, and are they applied?
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This indicator has been marked Not Applicable, because there is no compulsory conscription in Oman. Despite renewed discussions around conscription this has not yet…
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This indicator has been marked Not Applicable, because there is no compulsory conscription in Oman. As there is no compulsory military conscription, there are…
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This indicator has been marked Not Applicable, because there is no compulsory conscription in Oman.As there is no compulsory military conscription, there are no…
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Q44
50/100
is there a policy of refusing bribes to gain preferred postings? Are there appropriate procedures in place to deal with such bribery, and are they applied?
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There is no specific legislation regarding bribery for soliciting preferred postings. Blanket anti-bribery legislation states any gifts, remuneration or commission, which affects an employees’…
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The sanctions in place for soliciting preferred postings through bribery would fall within the general legislation mentioned in sub-section 44A, through RD 120/2004 and…
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Enforcement of the above legislation including sanctions has occurred, but not concerning bribery to gain preferred postings (1), (2), (3), (4). No reports were…
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Salary Chain
There is no separation between the chains of command and the chains of payment. They are connected, and commanders can affect the payments of…
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Values and Standards
Q46
19/100
Is there a Code of Conduct for all military personnel that includes, but is not limited to, guidance with respect to bribery, gifts and hospitality, conflicts of interest, and post-separation activities? Is there evidence that breaches of the Code of Conduct are effectively addressed?
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There is a military code of conduct; however, it is not widely known to the different units and parts of the military (1), (2).…
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Despite the fact there is a code of conduct, it is not readily available for all soldiers and across all units. It also does…
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As the code of conduct is not available, enforced and followed up, it lacks credibility and not taken seriously by the commanders and officers…
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There is little to no guidance during training, and ad hoc guidance is dependent on commanders’ preferences. There is no further data on how…
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Q47
25/100
Is there a Code of Conduct for all civilian personnel that includes, but is not limited to, guidance with respect to bribery, gifts and hospitality, conflicts of interest, and post-separation activities? Is there evidence that breaches of the Code of Conduct are effectively addressed?
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The Civil Service Law (RD 120/2004), applies to civilian personnel according to the eGovernment portal (1), (2). Article 103 and 104: prohibits accepting gifts,…
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The Civil Service Law is accessible through the eGovernment website (1), (2). However, there are no details of how it is presented to civilian…
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The code of conduct is seen as a bureaucratic tool, rather than as a serious document. It lacks credibility and is not taken seriously…
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No information was found regarding professional training concerning the code of conduct (1), (2).
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Q48
0/100
Does regular anti-corruption training take place for military and civilian personnel?
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There is no evidence of anti-corruption training taking place for military or civilian personnel. According to two officers within the Omani armed forces, there…
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This sub-indicator has been marked as Not Applicable, as Oman does not have anti-corruption training for military and civilian personnel within the defence and…
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This sub-indicator has been marked as Not Applicable, as Oman does not have anti-corruption training for military and civilian personnel within the defence and…
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Q49
0/100
Is there a policy to make public outcomes of the prosecution of defence services personnel for corrupt activities, and is there evidence of effective prosecutions in recent years?
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There is no policy in the defence institutions to make outcomes of prosecution publicly available. According to Article 62 in the Basic Statute (1),…
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No information on prosecutions in military courts is made publicly available. Publishing information on the prosecutions can be criminalized (1), (2). No media reports…
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There is no information on the prosecution of defence services personnel for corruption activities available to the public (1), (2). The effectiveness of the…
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Q50
42/100
Are there effective measures in place to discourage facilitation payments (which are illegal in almost all countries)?
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According to Omani law, bribery and facilitation payments are strictly forbidden and criminalized (1), (2), (3), (4).
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Cases of payment facilitation could be investigated but not persecuted or taken seriously (1). This is a result of political influence in the process…
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There is no evidence to suggest that facilitation payments are prevalent in Oman. According to our sources, there are very few cases which indicate…
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