Personnel Risk:
High
Score:
47/100
Leadership Behaviour
Q34
50/100
Do the Defence Ministry, Defence Minister, Chiefs of Defence, and Single Service Chiefs publicly commit, through, for example, speeches, media interviews, or political mandates, to anti-corruption and integrity measures?
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After corruption scandals that emerged in 2015 in the army, communications in the Ministry of National Defence (MDN) have exhibited an emergent emphasis on…
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Accusations signalling the misuse of resources from the Restricted Law of Copper, which derived in the prosecution of the commander in chief of the…
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The MDN developed an “Agenda of Probity, Austerity, and Transparency in the Armed Forces” with fifteen specific measures to guarantee administrative and fiscal integrity…
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Q35
88/100
Are there effective measures in place for personnel found to have taken part in forms of bribery and corruption, and is there evidence that these measures are being carried out?
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The prosecution of corruption offences in Chile is configured in the Criminal Code. It establishes six concepts related to administrative probity and corruption in…
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Bribery and corruption are prosecuted through a formal legal process. However, there are criticisms about the proportionality of the associated sanctions and the existence…
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Q36
17/100
Is whistleblowing encouraged by the government, and are whistle-blowers in military and defence ministries afforded adequate protection from reprisal for reporting evidence of corruption, in both law and practice?
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The protection of whistleblowers has been a contentious issue in Chile. Analysts have claimed that the lack of legislation and legal concepts and procedures…
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Analysts have pointed out the lack of encouragement and the weaknesses of the protections for whistleblowing in Chile [1, 2]. Since whistleblowing, as prescribed…
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Current procedures and guarantees for reporting irregularities have shown several shortcomings. To report irregularities, whistleblowers must submit written, signed, and well-founded denouncements to the…
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Q37
50/100
Is special attention paid to the selection, time in post, and oversight of personnel in sensitive positions, including officials and personnel in defence procurement, contracting, financial management, and commercial management?
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There has been a gradual process aim at increasing the attention paid to the personnel in sensitive positions, but this has occurred with few…
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The reform agenda to improve probity and transparency has openly recognized the sensitivity and risk of corruption of certain positions [1, 2, 3, 4,…
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The cited agenda of reforms, still under development, seeks to improve internal oversight mechanisms in the Ministry of National Defence (MDN) to scrutinise the…
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Payroll, Promotions, Appointments, Rewards
Q38
58/100
Is the number of civilian and military personnel accurately known and publicly available?
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Every year the Ministry of National Defence (MDN), through the Budget Department of the Ministry of Finance (DIPRES), publishes the number of civilian personnel…
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Information on the number of civilian personnel incorporated in the Law of Budget in the Public Sectors is published yearly by the DIPRES. Information…
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There has been no press or institutional report or official investigation related to the issue of ghost soldiers during the period under study.
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Q39
75/100
Are pay rates and allowances for civilian and military personnel openly published?
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The Ministry of National Defence (MDN), through the website of Gobierno Transparente, publishes updated information of pay rates for all civilian personnel in the…
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Payroll tables for civilian and military personnel in the MDN and the armed forces indicate the base remuneration and all specific allowances associated with…
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Q40
100/100
Do personnel receive the correct pay on time, and is the system of payment well-established, routine, and published?
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There is no evidence of problems with the timeliness of payments in the armed forces and the defence sector, nor have institutional or press…
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There is no evidence of administrative or other problems related to the accuracy of payments in the armed forces and the defence sector, nor…
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The payment and allowances system is regulated by the Statute of the Personnel of the Armed Forces. The Chilean government’s transparency portal for each…
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Q41
33/100
Is there an established, independent, transparent, and objective appointment system for the selection of military personnel at middle and top management level?
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The system for appointments for mid-level and high ranking military personnel is regulated by the Organic Constitutional Law of the Armed Forces and the…
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There is no evidence of external scrutiny of the appointments of military personnel at middle and top management other than internal control and audit…
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Information on the appointment process is available only in generic terms. Other than regulations on rank, seniority, and promotion mechanisms, it is difficult to…
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Q42
33/100
Are personnel promoted through an objective, meritocratic process? Such a process would include promotion boards outside of the command chain, strong formal appraisal processes, and independent oversight.
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Formal processes for military and personnel promotions are established in the Organic Constitutional Law of the Armed Forces and the Statute of the Personnel…
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There are regulations that establish possible exceptions in cases of awards and the awarding of medals; these regulations specify the circumstances and the ranges…
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There is no updated institutional information about the promotion cycle. Information can be found on the branches of the military’s websites, but not with…
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There is no updated institutional information about the promotion cycle. Information can be found on the branches of the military’s websites, but not with…
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Conscription and Recruitment
Q43
25/100
Where compulsory conscription occurs, is there a policy of not accepting bribes for avoiding conscription? Are there appropriate procedures in place to deal with such bribery, and are they applied?
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For recruitment, the principle of voluntariness prevails, and the compulsory mechanism represents only a subsidy used when quotas are not completed. Neither the recruitment…
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Penalties are established for evading mandatory recruitment or absence during the roll-calling, but there are no specific penalties associated with offences related to corruption…
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Neither institutional nor press sources evidence the application of appropriate sanctions or punishments when bribery occurs [1]. In general, bribery does not seem to…
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Q44
63/100
is there a policy of refusing bribes to gain preferred postings? Are there appropriate procedures in place to deal with such bribery, and are they applied?
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Military officials and authorities are considered public officials and authorities, and are also subject to general legislation when acting outside of their service, or…
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While sanctions are not specifically applied to cases in which bribes are used to gain preferred postings, general legislation might apply to punish these…
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There is not enough evidence to score this indicator. There is no specific information on the regular application of appropriate sanctions or punishments when…
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Salary Chain
There is some separation in the chains of payment, but only in the administrative sense [1]. The branches of the armed forces have the…
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Values and Standards
Q46
50/100
Is there a Code of Conduct for all military personnel that includes, but is not limited to, guidance with respect to bribery, gifts and hospitality, conflicts of interest, and post-separation activities? Is there evidence that breaches of the Code of Conduct are effectively addressed?
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While there are codes of conduct for all military personnel, they are dispersed in various regulations, laws and institutional ethics codes, and their guidance…
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The multiple sources that regulate the conduct of personnel in the armed forces and the defence sector are generally available to the public through…
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There is mixed evidence on the effective enforcement of military codes of conduct and regulations. Where media have reported irregularities in the conduct of…
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There is no indication in relevant legislation, including the Ethos of the Military to suggest the existance of any training.
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Q47
0/100
Is there a Code of Conduct for all civilian personnel that includes, but is not limited to, guidance with respect to bribery, gifts and hospitality, conflicts of interest, and post-separation activities? Is there evidence that breaches of the Code of Conduct are effectively addressed?
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There is no code of conduct for civilian personnel in the military they are, expected to observe general norms for public administration. Many governmental…
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This indicator is marked ‘Not Applicable’ because there is no code of conduct for civilian personnel in defence institutions. Although there is no formal…
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This indicator is marked ‘Not Applicable’ because there is no code of conduct for civilian personnel in defence institutions. There is no formal and…
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This indicator is marked ‘Not Applicable’ because there is no code of conduct for civilian personnel in defence institutions. Although there is no formal…
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Q48
0/100
Does regular anti-corruption training take place for military and civilian personnel?
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There is no evidence that regular anti-corruption training takes place for military and civilian personnel. After the fraud and corruption scandals in the armed…
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This indicator is marked ‘Not Applicable’. Although ethics and military norms have been incorporated into formal education and training programs, there is no evidence…
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Given that there is no anti-corruption training for military and civilian personnel, this indicator is marked ‘Not Applicable’ [1, 2, 3, 4, 5].
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Q49
58/100
Is there a policy to make public outcomes of the prosecution of defence services personnel for corrupt activities, and is there evidence of effective prosecutions in recent years?
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Available evidence of recent corruption scandals points to specific cases in which outcomes of prosecution were made public, but the information was communicated only…
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In Chile, judicial processes are secret during the investigation until the judicial sentence, and there is a reserve obligation of administrative processes until the…
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In general, cases have been investigated and prosecuted through formal processes, and there is no evidence of an institutional policy to derail prosecutions. After…
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Q50
67/100
Are there effective measures in place to discourage facilitation payments (which are illegal in almost all countries)?
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Facilitation payments are illegal. They are codified in the Criminal Code, which penalises facilitation payments in the form of bribery and influence peddling [1].…
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There is evidence that cases have been investigated, and most of the time prosecuted through formal procedures, but there have been attempts to influence…
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Although facilitation payments are not the most common crime related to corruption in the defence sector, there are several cases in which members of…
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