Personnel Risk:
Very High
Score:
17/100
Leadership Behaviour
Q34
NEI/100
Do the Defence Ministry, Defence Minister, Chiefs of Defence, and Single Service Chiefs publicly commit, through, for example, speeches, media interviews, or political mandates, to anti-corruption and integrity measures?
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There is too considerable a lack of information and publicly available literature on the issue of internal army communications on corruption to enable an…
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Publicly, there is insufficient to non-existent commitment to anti-corruption measures. [1] [2] [3] Public events like Veterans’ Day, which falls on May 16 every…
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There is insufficient information to score this indicator; as such, it is marked ‘Not Enough Information’. Media coverage dedicated to covering change of command…
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Q35
38/100
Are there effective measures in place for personnel found to have taken part in forms of bribery and corruption, and is there evidence that these measures are being carried out?
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The terms “bribery” and “soliciting” do not appear in the main document that governs the activities of the army, the SPLA Act 2009. Section…
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Authorities have in the past indicted senior military officers for corrupt practices and publicly announced the formation of investigative committees to examine claims of…
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Q36
0/100
Is whistleblowing encouraged by the government, and are whistle-blowers in military and defence ministries afforded adequate protection from reprisal for reporting evidence of corruption, in both law and practice?
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There is no whistle-blower protection legislation in South Sudan nor any legislation that enables the reporting of corrupt actions in the military. On South…
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There is no whistle-blower protection legislation in South Sudan. Therefore, there is no prioritisation on training as mentioned in this indicator.
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This indicator is marked ‘Not Enough Information’ because there is no legal framework regulating whistleblowing, nor any protections for whistleblowers in South Sudan. As…
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Q37
0/100
Is special attention paid to the selection, time in post, and oversight of personnel in sensitive positions, including officials and personnel in defence procurement, contracting, financial management, and commercial management?
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There is no recognition that some positions in the Ministry of Defence may be more susceptible to corruption than others. The fact that army…
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This indicator is marked ‘Not Applicable’ because there is no recognition that some positions in the Ministry of Defence may be more susceptible to…
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This indicator is marked ‘Not Applicable’ because there is no recognition that some positions in the Ministry of Defence may be more susceptible to…
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Payroll, Promotions, Appointments, Rewards
Q38
8/100
Is the number of civilian and military personnel accurately known and publicly available?
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In general, the exact size of the government workforce, including in the military, is unknown due to the proliferation of “ghost workers” on the…
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The Ministry of Defence says that there are 185,000 troops in the army as of 2018. [1] There has been no word on the…
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The presence of ghost soldiers on the payroll has been a persistent issue in the last five years, with top-level officials acknowledging its existence.…
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Q39
38/100
Are pay rates and allowances for civilian and military personnel openly published?
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While not found in service publications, pay rates are disaggregated by rank (starting from Lt. General to private), allowances (monthly, housing) and pension, listed…
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The Ministry of Finance publishes approved budgets listing housing and daily allowances for both civilian and military personnel. Allowances are disaggregated by rank. [1]…
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Q40
8/100
Do personnel receive the correct pay on time, and is the system of payment well-established, routine, and published?
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Regular delays in government salaries, including for the military, are de jure. Sometimes salaries are delayed for over seven months. [1] As of May…
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Employees sometimes do not receive their full salary due to cash shortages that lead to cash rationing. [1] For instance, when salaries are delayed…
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Such information is not available publicly. South Sudan does not have an official Government Gazette, for instance, that would faciliate the publishing of this…
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Q41
17/100
Is there an established, independent, transparent, and objective appointment system for the selection of military personnel at middle and top management level?
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According to the SPLA Act 2009, the appointment of middle and top-level military officials by the President is supposed to be a consultative process…
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According to the SPLA Act 2009, the appointment of middle and top-level military officials by the President is supposed to be a consultative process…
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The appointment of top-level officials such as the Chief of Defence Staff is done via a presidential degree, usually read over the radio and…
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Q42
31/100
Are personnel promoted through an objective, meritocratic process? Such a process would include promotion boards outside of the command chain, strong formal appraisal processes, and independent oversight.
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The process of promotions is outlined in the SPLA Act of 2009, Section 29. The act spells out that promotions from a lower to…
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Military personnel can be promoted based on outstanding battlefield performance. [1] Regulations for further progression in the ranks are also outlined in the act.…
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With the exception of the Chief of Defence Staff, and the highest echelons of the army, whose promotion and appointment is publicly announced, [1]…
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Details about promotions are rarely published. Such details become available only when a new Chief of Defence Staff is appointed. [1] Judging from the…
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Conscription and Recruitment
Q43
NA/100
Where compulsory conscription occurs, is there a policy of not accepting bribes for avoiding conscription? Are there appropriate procedures in place to deal with such bribery, and are they applied?
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Conscription is on a voluntary basis, as stated in the SPLA Act 2009: “Enrolment into the SPLA military service shall be voluntary, except where…
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Conscription is on a voluntary basis, as stated in the SPLA Act 2009: “Enrolment into the SPLA military service shall be voluntary, except where…
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Conscription is on a voluntary basis, as stated in the SPLA Act 2009: “Enrolment into the SPLA military service shall be voluntary, except where…
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Q44
63/100
is there a policy of refusing bribes to gain preferred postings? Are there appropriate procedures in place to deal with such bribery, and are they applied?
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Bribery and solicitation of specific posts is not mentioned in the SPLA Act 2009. Section 73.1 of the Act implies that bribery is an…
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Sanctions exist, as established in the SPLA Act 2009, amounting to fourteen years in jail. However, there is no mention of financial fines. [1]
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There is no publicly available information to grade this indicator; as such, it has been marked ‘Not Enough Information’. Rarely, if ever, is there…
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Salary Chain
No publicly available data exists to rate this indicator. Sources contacted were not knowledgeable about it. This indicator has therefore been marked ‘Not Enough…
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Values and Standards
Q46
25/100
Is there a Code of Conduct for all military personnel that includes, but is not limited to, guidance with respect to bribery, gifts and hospitality, conflicts of interest, and post-separation activities? Is there evidence that breaches of the Code of Conduct are effectively addressed?
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A code of conduct for the military exists, titled “Sudan People’s Liberation Movement’s Rules and Regulations, 2009,” [1] that the assessor has seen a…
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A code of conduct exists and is available to senior officials of the army, according to media reporting. [1] [2] It is not publicly…
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Although a code of conduct for the military exists, [1] there is no publicly available information that shows that it is being enforced with…
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Scant media reporting indicates that some form of training is conducted for military officers by the United Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS) rather…
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Q47
0/100
Is there a Code of Conduct for all civilian personnel that includes, but is not limited to, guidance with respect to bribery, gifts and hospitality, conflicts of interest, and post-separation activities? Is there evidence that breaches of the Code of Conduct are effectively addressed?
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There is no code of conduct for civil servants at this moment, [1] although there is language in the Civil Service Act 2011, that…
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This indicator is marked ‘Not Applicable’, as there is no code of conduct for civil servants at this moment, although there is language in…
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This indicator is marked ‘Not Applicable’, as there is no code of conduct for civil servants at this moment, [1] although there is language…
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This indicator is marked ‘Not Applicable’, as there is no code of conduct for civil servants at this moment, [1] although there is language…
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Q48
0/100
Does regular anti-corruption training take place for military and civilian personnel?
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Official policy papers such as the SPLA White Paper on Defence, The SPLA Act 2009, and the Procurement Act do not have stipulations that…
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Official policy papers such as the SPLA White Paper on Defence, The SPLA Act 2009, and the Procurement Act do not have stipulations that…
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Official policy papers such as the SPLA White Paper on Defence, The SPLA Act 2009, and the Procurement Act do not have stipulations that…
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Q49
0/100
Is there a policy to make public outcomes of the prosecution of defence services personnel for corrupt activities, and is there evidence of effective prosecutions in recent years?
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The Procurement Act, which applies to defence services personnel, lists heavy fines for corrupt activities by contractors. [1].But it does not talk explicitly of…
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Despite senior officers being fingered for corruption and investigation committees being set up (eg the current Chief of Defence Staff’s example in 2015), the…
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There is insufficient information in the public domain to ascertain a case in which an official engaged in corrupt actions with clear evidence that…
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Q50
NEI/100
Are there effective measures in place to discourage facilitation payments (which are illegal in almost all countries)?
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Facilitation is an illegal activity and under the SPLA Act 2009, it may fall under the rubric of “corrupt” activities and be liable for…
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There is insufficient information in the public domain to ascertain a case in which an official engaged in corrupt actions with clear evidence that…
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There is insufficient information in the public domain to ascertain a case in which an official engaged in corrupt actions with clear evidence that…
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