Personnel Risk:
Very High
Score:
24/100
34
25/100
Do the Defence Ministry, Defence Minister, Chiefs of Defence, and Single Service Chiefs publicly commit, through, for example, speeches, media interviews, or political mandates, to anti-corruption and integrity measures?
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The most common form of internal communication solidifying anti-corruption efforts that this assessment was able to identify are commencement ceremonies. This is where army…
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Defence chiefs often deliver public speeches during military parades, urging junior officers to refrain from criminal conduct [1,2]. These speeches are aimed at promoting…
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Unit commanders in Zimbabwe’s defence forces publicly call for discipline and lawful conduct among soldiers and police officers, typically during annual pass-out parades and…
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35
13/100
Are there effective measures in place for personnel found to have taken part in forms of bribery and corruption, and is there evidence that these measures are being carried out?
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The Defence Act of Zimbabwe outlines different forms of crime and the corresponding punishments for military personnel [1]. The court martial is responsible for…
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The military enforces the application and execution of such prosecution within the military. Investigations in the military are first carried by the Special Investigation…
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36
8/100
Is whistleblowing encouraged by the government, and are whistle-blowers in military and defence ministries afforded adequate protection from reprisal for reporting evidence of corruption, in both law and practice?
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Whistleblower Protection bill was passed by parliament March 2022 but is yet to be signed into law [1]. Currently, there is no law which…
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The civil society host workshops on sensitising the public on whistleblowing to report cases of corruption in the country [1]. The anti-corruption commission has…
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There are no provisions for whistleblowers in the defence forces [1]. While there is no whistleblowing in the defence forces, civilians are likely to…
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37
0/100
Is special attention paid to the selection, time in post, and oversight of personnel in sensitive positions, including officials and personnel in defence procurement, contracting, financial management, and commercial management?
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The military commanders and Generals positions are defined by the Constitution of Zimbabwe under section 216(3)(4)(5), which indicates that each of the service chiefs’…
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The discretion for such appointments rest with the president as stated in the Defence Act [1][2][3]. Therefore, this indicator is marked Not Applicable.
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The discretion for such appointments rest with the president as stated in the Defence Act [1][2][3]. Therefore, this indicator is marked Not Applicable.
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38
0/100
Is the number of civilian and military personnel accurately known and publicly available?
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The exact number of civilians and military personnel within the defence forces is not accurately known [1] [2]. In military terms, this is referred…
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Information about the number of military personnel and civilians, is not made public [1,2]. None of the public members know how many military personnel…
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Ghost soldiers remain an issue in the military [1]. Soldiers continue to be marked present in the battalion roll call/register, by mere battalion clerks…
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39
13/100
Are pay rates and allowances for civilian and military personnel openly published?
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40
92/100
Do personnel receive the correct pay on time, and is the system of payment well-established, routine, and published?
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This is the most efficient system of payment in the Zimbabwe defence forces, in the military [1]. The Zimbabwe Army Pay and Records working…
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The salary payment for each personnel is determined by their rank and skills they hold. These are the most determinant factors on payment system…
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ZAPAR publishes its payment structure in January each year [1]. The payment structure is sent to all battalions, Brigades and other division of the…
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41
8/100
Is there an established, independent, transparent, and objective appointment system for the selection of military personnel at middle and top management level?
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The appointment of commanders of the defence forces is determined by the Constitution of Zimbabwe [1]. The President has the authority to appoint the…
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There is no scrutiny during and after the appointment of commanders of the military because section 216 (3) of constitution of Zimbabwe and section…
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There is no transparency especially on how the process of promotion and or appointment is done, only the president makes such appointments as per…
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42
44/100
Are personnel promoted through an objective, meritocratic process? Such a process would include promotion boards outside of the command chain, strong formal appraisal processes, and independent oversight.
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While the Constitution of Zimbabwe, Section 216 (2) mandates the president with the powers of the commander in chief of the defence forces who…
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There are no exceptions as the promotion is guided by the Constitution of Zimbabwe and the Defence Act with no limitations in the exercise…
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The information on the promotion of senior officers such as Lt Colonels, Colonel, Brigadiers, Maj Generals, Lt General and the General is shared with…
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The frequency and transparency of promotion announcements in Zimbabwe’s defence forces vary significantly by rank. Promotions for senior officers are generally made public and…
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43
NA/100
Where compulsory conscription occurs, is there a policy of not accepting bribes for avoiding conscription? Are there appropriate procedures in place to deal with such bribery, and are they applied?
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44
58/100
is there a policy of refusing bribes to gain preferred postings? Are there appropriate procedures in place to deal with such bribery, and are they applied?
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In the Zimbabwe Defence forces, in particular in the military, there are no specific policies related to bribes and or refusing bribes on preferred…
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The Defence Act [2] provides legal sanctions for a range of misconduct offences, including corrupt practices, abuse of office, and conduct prejudicial to military…
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Punishment is enforced either through battalion orders, brigade orders or court martial prosecution and sentencing if found guilty [1]. At battalion level, those found…
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The chains of command are not separate from the chains of payment [1]. The Zimbabwe Army Pay and Records working together with the Service…
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46
0/100
Is there a Code of Conduct for all military personnel that includes, but is not limited to, guidance with respect to bribery, gifts and hospitality, conflicts of interest, and post-separation activities? Is there evidence that breaches of the Code of Conduct are effectively addressed?
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There is no existing code of conduct for military personnel on bribery and gifts [1]. While section (100-104) of the Defence Act guides the…
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There is no code of conduct [1] [2]. Therefore, this indicator is marked Not Applicable.
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There is no code of conduct [1] [2]. Therefore, this indicator is marked Not Applicable.
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There is no code of conduct [1] [2]. Therefore, this indicator is marked Not Applicable.
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47
81/100
Is there a Code of Conduct for all civilian personnel that includes, but is not limited to, guidance with respect to bribery, gifts and hospitality, conflicts of interest, and post-separation activities? Is there evidence that breaches of the Code of Conduct are effectively addressed?
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The civilians in the defence forces are guided by Section 1969(2) of the constitution of Zimbabwe which talks about public officers that they must…
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Even if there is no specific Code of Conduct document mentioned that is easily accessible or known to personnel [3], each employee, civilian personnel,…
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Section 25 of the Public Service Act mandates that allegations of misconduct or corruption by civilian public officers must be investigated, adjudicated, and, where proven,…
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Training of civil of public civil service is done during induction, and during the course of employment by the civil service as required by…
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48
0/100
Does regular anti-corruption training take place for military and civilian personnel?
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It should be noted that the Zimbabwe military does not offer anti-corruption training for its officers and any other civilians attached to their units…
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No anti corruption training is offered.[1][2] Therefore, this indicator is marked Not Applicable.
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No anti corruption training is offered.[1][2] Therefore, this indicator is marked Not Applicable.
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49
8/100
Is there a policy to make public outcomes of the prosecution of defence services personnel for corrupt activities, and is there evidence of effective prosecutions in recent years?
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There is no policy to make public any of the outcomes on the prosecution of the defence personnel [1]. However, sometimes the media publish…
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Information is only shared within the battalions and brigades, the ones where the convicted soldiers were based; this information also involves clearance of their…
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While senior officers in the Zimbabwe Defence Forces are rarely prosecuted, there is occasional institutional action and investigation, signaling at least some accountability in…
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50
33/100
Are there effective measures in place to discourage facilitation payments (which are illegal in almost all countries)?
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Zimbabwe’s statutory provisions against corruption—including bribery and facilitation payments—are primarily contained in the Criminal Law (Codification and Reform) Act and the Anti-Corruption Commission Act.…
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Some cases are investigated, and succesfully prosecuted. However, this is not consistent , especially in the defence sector. For instance, a senior CIO officer…
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Facilitation payments occur very often, especially at the beginning of the year when tenders to supply army food are done [1]. Some of these…
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0
NA/100
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Leadership Behaviour
Q34
NA/100
Do the Defence Ministry, Defence Minister, Chiefs of Defence, and Single Service Chiefs publicly commit, through, for example, speeches, media interviews, or political mandates, to anti-corruption and integrity measures?
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Q35
NA/100
Are there effective measures in place for personnel found to have taken part in forms of bribery and corruption, and is there evidence that these measures are being carried out?
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Q36
NA/100
Is whistleblowing encouraged by the government, and are whistle-blowers in military and defence ministries afforded adequate protection from reprisal for reporting evidence of corruption, in both law and practice?
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Q37
NA/100
Is special attention paid to the selection, time in post, and oversight of personnel in sensitive positions, including officials and personnel in defence procurement, contracting, financial management, and commercial management?
View QuestionPayroll, Promotions, Appointments, Rewards
Q38
NA/100
Is the number of civilian and military personnel accurately known and publicly available?
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Q39
NA/100
Are pay rates and allowances for civilian and military personnel openly published?
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Q40
NA/100
Do personnel receive the correct pay on time, and is the system of payment well-established, routine, and published?
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Q41
NA/100
Is there an established, independent, transparent, and objective appointment system for the selection of military personnel at middle and top management level?
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Q42
NA/100
Are personnel promoted through an objective, meritocratic process? Such a process would include promotion boards outside of the command chain, strong formal appraisal processes, and independent oversight.
View QuestionConscription and Recruitment
Q43
NA/100
Where compulsory conscription occurs, is there a policy of not accepting bribes for avoiding conscription? Are there appropriate procedures in place to deal with such bribery, and are they applied?
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Q44
NA/100
is there a policy of refusing bribes to gain preferred postings? Are there appropriate procedures in place to deal with such bribery, and are they applied?
View QuestionSalary Chain
Values and Standards
Q46
NA/100
Is there a Code of Conduct for all military personnel that includes, but is not limited to, guidance with respect to bribery, gifts and hospitality, conflicts of interest, and post-separation activities? Is there evidence that breaches of the Code of Conduct are effectively addressed?
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Q47
NA/100
Is there a Code of Conduct for all civilian personnel that includes, but is not limited to, guidance with respect to bribery, gifts and hospitality, conflicts of interest, and post-separation activities? Is there evidence that breaches of the Code of Conduct are effectively addressed?
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Q48
NA/100
Does regular anti-corruption training take place for military and civilian personnel?
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Q49
NA/100
Is there a policy to make public outcomes of the prosecution of defence services personnel for corrupt activities, and is there evidence of effective prosecutions in recent years?
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Q50
NA/100